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based on gravity base structures (GBS) and scour protection of for foundations and cable protection (Table 11.2).


185. The fish and shellfish receptors described as present in East Anglia THREE have comparatively large areas for spawning/nursery (as described in section 11.5) and foraging and many have wide distribution ranges which alter spatially and temporarily.


186. The loss of habitat resulting from the installation of GBS foundations and scour materials (2.71km2), and any associated loss of habitat would be constant throughout the duration of the operational phase (>25 years). Given the small spatial extent of any infrastructure, any effects are considered to be of a low magnitude. The fish species taken forward for assessment (See section 11.5.8) are unlikely to be affected by loss of habitat during the operation phase. They are therefore expected to remain unaffected by the small predicted loss of sea bed. The majority of species in the study area are considered to be of low sensitivity to loss of habitat during the operational phase. The species with potential to be impacted by permanent loss of habitat as a result of the East Anglia THREE project are demersal spawners such as sandeels and herring. The potential impacts on these species are therefore considered separately below.


Sandeels 187. Sandeels are dependent on the presence of an adequate sandy substrate in which to burrow, have a high level of site fidelity and little ability as re-colonisers (Jensen et al. 2011, Figure 11.56). Post construction monitoring at Horns Rev 1 windfarm found no impact upon sandeel population levels seven years after construction was completed (Stenberg et al. 2011). Greater Sandeel was one of the top five species present during the IBTS (average 2004-2013) within the East Anglia THREE specific study areas with a moderate CPUE in the offshore cable analysis area.


188. With the low levels of fishing activity on the East Anglia THREE site by Danish sandeel fishing fleets, as compared to Dogger Bank and the surrounding area, together with the low importance of the area and medium sensitivity of sandeels with regards to the population structure within the Southern North Sea, it is considered that the loss of habitat during the operational phase of the windfarm would be of minor adverse significance.


Herring 189. Herring are demersal spawners requiring the presence of suitable substrate, therefore the sensitivity is medium. However, as the East Anglia THREE windfarm site or offshore cable corridor do not overlap defined herring spawning grounds


Preliminary Environmental Information May 2014


East Anglia THREE Offshore Windfarm


Chapter 11 Fish and Shellfish Page 68


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