FOOD & BEVERAGE Sudsology #2:
SANTA, ROSA, CA. ~ As noted in the first Sudsology column, the making and drink- ing of beer is an ancient art form stretching back to the days when human beings were still nomads, prior to putting roots down in agricultur- ally based societies. Beer has been made and con- sumed in countless na- tions for centuries. It also has a storied tradition in this country.
In 1587 Vir- ginia colonists brewed ale using corn. The first brewery es-
was tablished
in 1612 in what is now known as Manhattan. The mak- ing of beer continued to grow throughout the colonies and beyond after the founding of the new nation. By 1762 The Theory and Practice of Brew- ing by Michael Combrune was published, the first attempt to establish rules and principles for the art of brewing beer. In fact, in 1789 George Washing- ton presented his ‘buy Ameri- can’
policy saying he will only drink dark porter made in America. The first porters were created in England and shipped here. In the same year Massa- chusetts passed an Act encour- aging the manufacture and con- sumption of beer and ale. At the same time, there
was growing concern about the consumption of alcohol. By 1808 members of a Con- gregational Church in New York formed a temperance so- ciety. Such societies grew to a membership of over 1,250,000 members in 5000 temperance societies. Their members con- tinued to grow as did the num-
drunk-
enness of the male
ing rather
workers and their drink- up their wages than supporting
their families as well as the do- mestic violence that happened at the hands of drunken men. Another important molesting
was the establishment of IRS in 1861. The IRS began to tax beer by the barrel to finance the government during the Civil War. The tensions continued to grow as breweries popped up everywhere. By 1916 23 states were dry, prohibiting le- gal drinking. In 1919 the 18th Amendment to the Constitu- tion was passed outlawing the
ber of breweries and those im- bibing. Apparently at the heart of the concern for the temperance mem- bers was the amount of
THE ART & CRAFT OF CREATING GREAT BEERS by Dr. Anne Cowden •
drannecowden@aol.com
legal consumption of all liquor. The era was called Prohibition. However, the law itself was dif- ficult to enforce. There was an increase in the illegal produc- tion and sale of liquor (known as “bootlegging”), the spread of speakeasies (illegal drinking spots) and the associated rise in gang violence and other crimes. By the end of the 1920’s these events lead to fading support for Prohibition. In early 1933, Congress adopted a resolution proposing a 21st Amendment to the Constitution that would repeal the 18th. It was rati- fied by the end of that year,
bringing the Pro- hibition era to a close.
Coupled with
comple- tion,
Prohibition ushered in the de- mise of most breweries. In 1880 there were about 2,300 breweries
reduced to 1,400
through competition and the growth of such industry gi- ants such as Miller’s and Pabst. Of note, in 1938 Elise Miller John headed the Miller Brew- ing Company for eight years as the first and only woman to run a major brewing company.
Between 1933 and about 1982, about 700 breweries were re- duced to about 50. By 1992 five brewers, Anheuser-Busch, Miller Brewing, Coors, Stroh and Heilman produced 89% of all domestic beer. However, by the late 1970’s there was a revival of craft brewers. There were 6 new ones by 1982. Then there is today where there has been a resurgence in the art and craft of making wonderful beer for all tastes, not just the usually light concoction known as the popular American beer, Budweiser. The traditions and love of good, full-bodied, varying in taste, experi- mental and lively beers be- gan to emerge through the craft beer
move-
ment. In fact, at the
end of June, 2015 there were 3,040 breweries operating for all or part of the month. Al- though exact numbers from the
... continued on page 10
UPBEAT TIMES • August 2015 • 7
Weird Facts & Fun Trivia - 2 According to The Great American Chewing Gum Book by Robert Hendrick- son, if all the sticks of gum chewed in America each year were laid end to end, it would equal a stick of gum five mil- lion miles long. That’s long enough to reach the moon and back ten times.
Remember the saying ‘Once in a blue moon?’ A ‘blue moon’ is the name given to the second full moon within the same month. A full moon normally appears twice in one month every two-and-a- half year but only every 19 years does it occur in two months of the same calendar year.
“If
everything seems under control, you’re just not going
fast enough.” Mario Andretti
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