32 ANALYTICAL AND LABORATORY EQUIPMENT
nB manufactures instruments designed to take magnetic nano-heating to the next level
MAGNETIC NANO-HEATING Advances in Quality
instrumentation will take magnetic nano-heating to the next level, explains Nicolás Cassinelli
M
any types of magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) are able to
absorb energy from alternating magnetic fields (AMFs) and transform this energy into heat. Te interest in this property keeps increasing since the first experiences a couple of decades ago, particularly because of the MNPs’ proved efficacy for novel cancer therapies and drug release systems. Nevertheless, particularly in the early years, the conclusions and experimental results reported by different researchers showed discrepancies that drove to a general confusion that in some way prevails today within the community. One big part of the problem is that, since there are still no
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standardised procedures or parameters in the area, the determination of some of the fundamental parameters involved has been widely oversimplified in many publications, generating some incongruent data and unreproducible results. For example, even when only the frequency and intensity values shall be enough to define applied AMFs, there is no consensus in how they should be reported. Te amplitude of an AMF wave is defined as its peak value. As simple as it seems to be, it’s easy to find a great many publications that report the AMF amplitude as the peak-to-peak value of the sine wave. Tat definition delivers, of course, a magnitude that doubles the previous definition. So, since the definition of choice is rarely reported, when you read a technical paper you can hardly be sure of what’s the real intensity of the applied field. Some manufacturers even use the peak-to-peak definition to characterise their instruments,
which makes it all the more difficult. Te problem gets worse if
you consider that the energy absorbed by the MNPs is, in the most frequent case, roughly proportional to the square of the amplitude of the AMF. Another problem is related to the harmonic content. From Fourier’s theorem, any periodic wave can be described as a sum of simple sine waves. Te shape of such a wave, or ‘waveform’, is the result of the superposition of its components. Te predominant component is called ‘fundamental’, and its frequency is usually used to define the complete wave’s frequency. Other components are called ‘harmonics’. When a wave has only one sine component it is called ‘monochromatic’. Authors today hardly go deep into describing the harmonic content of the applied AMF, which is an important source of experimental error, since higher harmonics contribute to heating nanoparticles, but not in the reported frequency
of action. And since authors are not actually demanding on that aspect, manufacturers are barely reporting any information about harmonic content of the generated AMF in their instruments. Te instruments made by
nB are built to provide highly monochromatic and stable AMF, as well as complete information about the magnetic field distribution pattern within the area of application. Tat, along with the integration of the latest temperature sensors, IR thermal imaging and powerful accessories (many of them originally suggested by the company’s users), proves nB’s commitment to help researchers to take magnetic nano-heating to the next level.
For more information ✔ at
www.scientistlive.com/eurolab
Nicolás Cassinelli is R&D Manager and CEO of nB nanoScale Biomagnetics.
www.nbnanoscale.com
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