MANUFACTURING I THERMAL
machine capability requirements for an overall tolerance width of ± 7.5 to ± 9.5 K. The discussion in section 3 demonstrates that deviations of ± 9 K can be expected for the utilized single- lane fast fi ring oven due to the utilized measuring device and its interaction with the fi ring system. This indicates that the tolerance width determined by means of the machine capability analysis lies within the tolerances of the test setup.
From a process engineering standpoint, it makes good sense to conduct machine capability analyses on the basis of parameters whose tolerances lead us to expect large fl uctuations of the solar cells’ characteristic electrical values. From our point of
References
[1] DIN ISO 21747:2006, Statistical methods – Process performance and capability statistics for measured quality characteristics, DIN Deutsches Institut fü r Normung e.V (German Institute for Standardization), p. 24 [2] W. Sauer, Prozesstechnologie der Elektronik, Hanser Verlag 2003, pp. 282 ff [3] Florian Vogg, work-study thesis prepared at Rehm Thermal Systems, Blaubeuren, Germany, 2010 [4] Heinz Wohlrabe, Maschinen- und Prozessfähigkeit von Bestü ckausrü stungen der SMT, pp. 35 ff, Verlag Markus Detert, 2000, ISBN 3-934142-01-X [5] Thermocouples - Part 2: Tolerances (IEC 60584-2:1982 + A1:1989); German version EN 60584-2:1993 [6] Schubert G., Thick Film Metallisation of Crystalline Silicon Solar Cells, dissertation, University at Konstanz, Germany, 2006 [7] Kwon T. et al, The effect of fi ring temperature profi les for the high effi ciency of crystalline Si solar cells, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells, 823-829, 2010 [8] Schü tt et al, Local characterization of co-fi ring-induced inhomogeneities of conventional MC-Si solar cells, Proceedings of 28th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Paris, 2013
view, maximum temperature in the fi ring zone is best suited for this purpose. The characteristic electrical values are decisively determined by the attributes of the semiconductor-metal contact.
Contact formation is infl uenced by complex cause-and-effect relationships between the cell material (paste selection, passivation layers etc.) and the fi ring system (fi ring profi le, conveyor speed etc.) [6, 7]. The fi ring profi le is characterized in turn by maximum temperature in the fi ring zone [8].
©2014 Permission required. Angel Business Communications Ltd.
ENGINEERED IN GERMANY
PRODU
PRODUCTION COSTS OF 0.4 $/W
LOWEST
HIGHEST EFFICIENCY OF 14.6 %
TURNKEY CIGSfab
An investment in the Manz CIGSfab, our fully integrated turnkey production line for CIGS thin-film solar modules, is not only the currently most profitable investment opportunity in the solar industry, it also enables local creation of jobs due to a maximum share of locally added value. Furthermore, customers of the Manz CIGSfab can produce CIGS thin-film solar modules at lowest cost per Watt – a level that cannot be reached with crystalline silicon solar!
It is now time for the CIGS revolution. Don’t miss the chance to be part of it!
YOUR FUTURE INVESTMENT
www.manz.com Issue IV 2014 I
www.solar-international.net 27
AT UNRIVALED PROFITABILITY...
...IN THE SOLAR TECHNOLOGY OF THE NEXT GENERATION
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96