TECH TALK
iPhone devices and ignoring all those around them as they tapped out their messages (again… not much has changed). The early telegraph systems quickly evolved from a transmit-only mechanism over short distances to a transmit- and-record service which the United States and Western Europe came to depend upon, before it was supplanted by the telephone. It even evolved as the first means of ship-to- shore electronic communications. Samuel Morse was the Steve Jobs of his day. What is important to note regarding the telegraph is how
it spawned many new developments which were ahead of their time, some of which were not fully digested or utilized for many years. This should be an interesting lesson for the FAA in regards to managing NextGen. The earliest fax machine was called a ‘recording telegraph’ and was able to transmit images, and over time it evolved to inexpensive devices which used digital data compression technology originally developed for satellite communications (although this progress took more than 100 years). The IATA Type B-compliant networks administered by SITA and ARINC evolved from a telegraph-technology base of teleprinters and radioteletype transmissions. Another key development of note is that routing of messages was first automated via ‘telex’ machines (at a speedy rate of 45+ baud), and not by computer-based networks.
Essentially, the early use of the telegraph evolved from
government/military operations to single-company (not connected with other providers) services, to a global service which supported aviation, railroad and maritime uses. It spawned the telephone and computer networks, notably the Internet.
ARPANET AND INTERNET Skipping over the telephone system due to its primary use as a voice-technology based medium, the next set of data transmission technologies come to us as another government-sponsored project, the ARPANET packet switching research network (the Internet just calls it ‘dad’). Much has been written on these topics, but it worth mentioning that the initial use of the ARPANET was not intended to update long-lost acquaintances of your current activities (and what you had for dinner) or to find a date, which seem to be the primary uses of the Internet today. The evolution of a research network intended to serve as a small set of services to a small set of people in a limited number of locations has evolved to become a worldwide set of networks in which you can almost instantaneously send and receive large amounts of information anywhere, execute applications from servers located anywhere, and do this via mobile devices. Essentially, this is NextGen in a nutshell.
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