ABSTRACT The aesthetic differences between the male and female face are based on anatomical, physiological, and psychological gender differences. Therefore, there are different priority areas for volume restoration in male and female faces. The strategies of treatment, zones of correction, and correction techniques for volumisation are discussed in this article. As there are particular requests for aesthetic treatments for men, volumisation of the male face is a rewarding procedure for both doctor and patient.
A
CCORDING TO THE AMERICAN Society of Aesthetic Plastic Surgeons (ASAPS), male patients accounted for 9% of all cosmetic treatments performed in 20111
. This figure represents nearly 800 000 procedures
out of a total of 9 million performed that year on men and women combined. The number of cosmetic procedures for men has increased by over 121% from 1997, and by more than 1% from 2010 1
. An increasing number of male patients are requesting
aesthetic treatment, and this increase is directly linked to a greater motivation among male patients to achieve a youthful look. The demand for aesthetic treatments from male and female patients is the result of gender-related motives. The basis for treatment requests from women lies in
their wish to achieve a heightened sexual attractiveness. On the contrary, the main reason for aesthetic treatment among men is the desire to find new ways to improve their self-confidence, in order to be seen as the ‘winner’ against all competitors of their gender. Men tend to seek treatment when they reach a point of dissatisfaction in their social life. Therefore, dissatisfaction with their appearance is secondary and manifests when serious problems arise in their lives that lead to a lowering of their psycho-emotional state. The necessity to maintain a continued social importance forces them to seek aesthetic treatments more frequently. The modern successful man — ‘metro-sexual’ — has a high status in society and pays greater attention to his appearance. The main indicators of youth in modern society are the external signs of youth, high capacity for work, and competitiveness. For its part, this competitiveness, as a rule, is based on the lack of visible signs of ageing 2
.
The aesthetic gender differences There are many differences between the male and the female patient. Firstly, there are the anatomical and physiological differences. The skin of the male is thicker and rougher, with a less developed sub-dermal fat compartment; its age-related atrophy leads to the skeletonisation of the face. Also, muscles are bigger and stronger, with the mass of skeletal muscles significantly greater in comparison with women
The basis for
treatment requests from women lies in their wish to achieve a heightened sexual attractiveness. On the contrary, the main reason for aesthetic treatment among men is the desire to find new ways to improve their self-confidence.
KEYWORDS volumisation, volume restoration, hyaluronic acid, botulinum toxin A
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