during heavy rains. If your pond spillway is narrow, the deep fl ow across it during big storms could allow fi sh to escape. Screens can keep fi sh in but pose the risk of a dam washout if improperly designed or maintained. Four-foot long panels can be constructed from rebar
in a welding shop and linked together on site. Rebar should run horizontally and have a 1-inch spacing. One-inch mesh fencing is also acceptable but more prone to clogging. If your pond carries fl oating debris or you are unable to clean screens regularly, do not use spillway barriers.
Build a drop-off barrier Carp and a number of other fi sh are noted for their
ability to swim upstream during heavy downpours. By building a 4-foot drop in the channel below your spillway, you can effectively prevent this. Reinforced concrete and rip-rap are needed to withstand heavy fl ows. Spillway screens will not exclude smaller fi sh.
Avoid building a very deep pond Deep ponds build up a large amount of cold, oxy-
gen-poor water on the bottom. This can suddenly mix with top waters as weather cools in the fall, causing a
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massive fi sh kill due to lack of oxygen. A deep pond cannot be stocked with more fi sh than
one of average depth (7 to 15 feet). It is the number of surface acres that determines how much good fi shing a pond can provide, not the volume of water (acre feet).
Keep the dam clear of all trees and shrubs When a large tree or shrub dies, the roots may decay
leaving paths for water to eventually breach the dam. Trees and shrubs should be removed from dams each year while they are still small.
Follow recommended fi sh stocking practices With few exceptions, these species should be kept
out of fi shing ponds: crappie, bullheads (mudcats), fl athead catfi sh, green sunfi sh (goggle eye perch), golden shiners, goldfi sh, and shad. All have problems that generally make them unsuited for farm ponds. Never empty bait buckets into the pond — dump
them on the ground to avoid introducing minnows, a major pest to most ponds. The standard stocking recommendation for new
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56 The Cattleman May 2013
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