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CASE SERIES Clinical and Laboratory Findings in Border Collies with Presumed Hereditary Juvenile Cobalamin Deficiency
S Lutz, AC Sewell, CE Reusch, PH Kook
Juvenile cobalamin deficiency is a rare disease in border collies and its diagnosis requires a high level of clinical suspicion. The goal of this study was to increase aware- ness of this disease by describing the clinical and labora- tory findings in four young border collies with inherited cobalamin deficiency. The median age of the dogs was 11.5 mo (range, 8–42 mo), and two of the four dogs were full siblings. Clinical signs included intermittent lethargy (n = 4), poor body condition (n = 4), odyno- phagia (n = 2), glossitis (n = 1), and bradyarrhythmia (n = 1). Pertinent laboratory abnormalities were mild to moderate normocytic nonregenerative anemia (n = 3), increased aspartate aminotransferase (AST) activity (n = 3), and mild proteinuria (n = 3). All of the dogs had serum cobalamin levels below the detection limit of the assay, marked methylmalonic aciduria, and hyper- homocysteinemia. Full clinical recovery was achieved in all dogs with regular parenteral cobalamin supplemen- tation, and laboratory abnormalities resolved, except the proteinuria and elevated AST activity persisted. This case series demonstrates the diverse clinical picture of primary cobalamin deficiency in border collies. Young border collies presenting with ambiguous clinical signs should be screened for cobalamin deficiency.
Numerous bipolar plugged capillarid eggs were de- tected on a routine centrifugal fecal flotation exami- nation of a 2 yr old castrated male boxer-Chinese shar pei mixed-breed. The eggs were identified as Eucoleus boehmi (E. boehmi), the nasal capillarid, based on size and shell wall surface morphology. The dog had a histo- ry of chronic sneezing (> 5 times/day) and intermittent postexercise nasal discharge. Currently, there are no an- thelmintics approved for use in dogs for the treatment of E. boehmi. Treatment of the dog with 0.5–1 mg/kg milbemycin oxime was ineffective, but treatment with 2 mg/kg milbemycin oxime resulted in negative fecal examinations 7–28 days and 5 mo posttreatment. The dog’s postexertion nasal discharge greatly lessened, and the sneezing behavior improved (it was only noted 2–3 times/wk), but neither the discharge nor sneezing com- pletely resolved following the anthelmintic treatments. Use of milbemycin oxime at an increased dose (2 mg/kg) appeared to be an effective treatment against E. boehmi infection in this dog based on clinical response and the cessation of fecal egg shedding.
CASE REPORT Treatment of E. boehmi Infection in a Mixed-Breed Dog Using Milbemycin Oxime
G Conboy, T Stewart, S O’Brien
A 3.5 yr old castrated male miniature schnauzer was re- ferred with a history of collapse after a bee sting to the left hind limb. At the time of presentation, 14 hr after the sting, the dog was hypotensive, comatose, seizuring, and had a brief period of cardiac arrest. Over the follow- ing 48 hr, the dog developed azotemia, severely elevat- ed liver enzyme levels, hypertension, hematochezia, hematemesis, and disseminated intravascular coagula- tion (DIC). The dog’s neurologic status improved slowly, but significant behavioral abnormalities remained. The dog was discharged after 7 days with ongoing polyuria, polydipsia, and behavioral changes. The polydipsia and polyuria resolved within a few days, but the behavioral changes continued for 6 wk. Reports of anaphylaxis from any cause are sparse in the veterinary literature. This is the first report of suspected anaphylaxis follow- ing a bee sting. There are no previous reports of behav- ioral changes after physical recovery from anaphylaxis.
CASE REPORT Survival After Anaphylaxis Induced by a Bumblebee Sting in a Dog
E Thomas, DC Mandell, LS Waddell
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jaaha.org for more information. Trends magazine, May 2013
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