INDIRECT COSTS
out how many days are missed due to IBD, the most realistic method is to survey people with IBD. Since it is not feasible to survey workplaces to collect data on how many days of sick leave are taken per employee with IBD, and the reasons for sick leave.
There are few Canadian-specific data on short-term work losses due to IBD. It is widely thought that productivity losses are ‘transferable across borders’; that is, people in different countries are just as likely to respond to illness by taking time off work. This implies that productivity data collected in one country can be transferred to another country, since the number of days off work per person is unlikely to vary much between countries with similar labour practices and sick leave policies. Among the countries with reported data (Canada, Australia, and Western Europe), we assumed that labour practices are likely to be relatively similar.
There have been nine studies that report data on short-term work losses. The diversity in the collection and reporting of results required a meta-analysis to determine an average estimate of the expected sick leave per employed person with IBD.85
Few studies separated costs for CD versus UC. Overall, it was reasonable to assume that there were similar costs for time off work for both CD and UC.
On average, 43% of employed people with IBD took time off work per year, and each employed person with IBD took 7.2 days off per year due to IBD. These papers reported an average rate of employment of 60%; this is almost identical to the rate of labour participation reported by people with IBD in Manitoba.80
To convert this to a Canadian cost, the total number of days lost per person can be multiplied by the number of people with disease, the percentage who are employed, and the mean daily wage rate ($179.54 per day, according to Statistics Canada).86
loss was $181 million for the 140,000 actively employed individuals with IBD. key findings:
• 43% of employed persons with IBD required time off due to IBD. • Short-term work losses were estimated at 7.2 days per employed person with IBD per year, strictly due to IBD.
• This costs $181 million per year in short-term work losses in Canada for the 140,000 actively-employed individuals with IBD in 2012.
LONG-TERM WORK LOSSES
Long-term work losses can result from long-term absences from employment (disability), long-term reduction in hours of work, premature retirement, and premature mortality.
It can be difficult to isolate the specific factors why an individual has withdrawn from the workforce (or has never entered the workforce). Often there are multiple factors involved. This makes it difficult for people with IBD to single out a reason why they are employed or not.
THE IMPACT OF INFLAMMATORY BOWEL DISEASE IN CANADA 56
The total cost of short-term work
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