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| NUTRACEUTICALS | ARTICLE


supplementation contributed to anti-inflammation and mood improvement, as documented by two different pre-clinical studies in rodents17, 18


. The present


study shows that a natural anti-inflammatory compound taken orally also acts on mood. Indeed, it has been shown that d-Limonene displays anxiolytic-like effects in animal rodent models21, 22


. For its design and its


results, it is coherent with tailored approaches that are now considered crucial in the elaboration of pharmacologic strategies to face the treatment of interconnected inflammatory and degenerative diseases. Personalised medicine is opening new perspectives to gender and diversity issues. The study, which originally intended to be an equalised study between female and male distribution of participants, revealed some significant differences between women and men in their capacity to respond to an anti-inflammatory agent for its mood-modulation capacity19, 20


. The year 2012 has been dedicated and promoted by


the EU Commission to active ageing and intergenerational solidarity. In order to expand the experimental evidences drawn from the study ® as well as giving the opportunity to the concepts, partners and teams involved to futher develop ® one of the aims of the RISTOMED project is to promote tools for the realisation of Ô beauty from withinÕ. New projects have been elaborated by members of the consortium and calls for proposals will be submitted (e.g. ICT topics for healthy ageing and ambient assisted-living).


Key points


n 2012 has been dedicated and promoted by the EU Commission to active ageing and intergenerational solidarity


n The European study RISTOMED is a multi-centre ‘open-label’ randomised study using a personalised approach to provide telemedicine services


n A causal role of depression in the development and course of cardiovascular diseases has been repeatedly established


n Diet could induce specific molecular effects when supplemented with specific food components


n There is a need to evaluate the gender differences in future studies on inflammation, quality of life, mood and nutrition


References


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5. Steiner M. Serotonin, depression, and cardiovascular disease: sex-specific issues. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2011; 203(1): 253–8


6. Nolen-Hoeksema S, Girgus JS. The emergence of gender differences in depression during adolescence. Psychol Bull 1994; 115(3): 424–43


7. Frackiewicz EJ, Sramek JJ, Cutler NR. Gender differences in depression and antidepressant pharmacokinetics and adverse events. Ann Pharmacother 2000; 34(1): 80–8


8. Solomon MB, Herman JP. Sex differences in psychopathology: of gonads, adrenals and mental illness. Physiol Behav 2009; 97(2): 250–8


9. Naninck EF, Lucassen PJ, Bakker J. Sex differences in adolescent depression: do sex hormones determine vulnerability? J Neuroendocrinol 2011; 23(5): 383–92


10. Streiner DL, Cairney J, Veldhuizen S. The epidemiology of psychological problems in the elderly. Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51(3): 185–91. Erratum in: Can J Psychiatry 2006; 51(6): 404


11. Lotrich FE, El-Gabalawy H, Guenther LC, Ware CF. The role of inflammation in the pathophysiology of depression: different treatments and their effects. J Rheumatol Suppl 2011; 88: 48–54


12. Howren MB, Lamkin DM, Suls J. Associations of depression with C-reactive protein, IL-1, and IL-6: a


meta-analysis. Psychosom Med 2009; 71(2): 171–86


13. RISTOMED. European FP7 Capacities study n° 222230. www.ristomed.eu (accessed 11 June 2012)


14. D’Alessio P. Endothelium as pharmacological target. Curr Op Invest Drugs 2002; 2: 1720–4


15. D’Alessio P. Aging and the endothelium. Exp Gerontol 2004; 39(2): 165–71


16. D’Alessio P .Composition for prevention or treatment of cell degeneration using a molecule able to maintain the reversibility of expression of adhesion molecules and the polymerization of actin fibers. 2005. (PCT; WO 2005/105074)


17. Bisson JF, Menut C, d’Alessio P. Anti-inflammatory senescence actives 5203-L molecule to promote healthy aging and prolongation of lifespan. Rejuvenation Res 2008; 11(2): 399–407


18. D’Alessio P. Use of a monoterpene to increase tissue repair. 2009. (WO 2009/040420)


19. D’Alessio P. New anti-inflammatory molecule AISA 5203-L promotes adaptive strategies in cell aging. In: Wang P et al. eds, Adaptation Biology and Medicine. Narosa Publishing House Ltd 2011; 6: 369–78


20. D’Alessio P, Bennaceur A, Ostan R, Franceschi C. New targets for the identification of an anti- inflammatory anti-senescence activity. In: Nagata T. ed, Senescence. http://tinyurl.com/cpfn8o3 (accessed 11 June 2012)


21. D’Alessio P. Use of a monoterpene to treat or prevent stress. 2008. (WO 2008/138905)


22. de Almeida AAC, Pereira Costa J, de Carvalho RBF, de Sousa DP, de Freitas RM. Evaluation of acute toxicity of a natural compound (+)-limonene epoxide and its anxiolytic-like action. Brain Res 2012; 1448: 56–62


prime-journal.com | July/August 2012 ❚


Conclusions Although the results are not statistically significant ® as a result of the small sample size ® it appears quite evident that the response to diet or diet supplemented with OPE, is affected by gender differences. In particular, the gender differences appear to affect inflammatory status, QoL and mood changes after an anti-inflammatory dietary intervention associated or not with the OPE supplement. This highlights the need to evaluate the gender differences in future studies on inflammation, QoL, mood and nutrition.


 Declaration of interest none


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