illicit arms. It is estimated that there are, “12.3 million adults and children in forced labour, bonded labour, and forced prostitution around the world; 56 percent of these victims are women and girls.”3


But, as our understanding


of the issue has grown so too has our ability to respond to it.


As understandings of the dynamics of human trafficking have evolved and laws have been established to combat the growing epidemic, methods to combat the problem have also begun to evolve. A large part of this evolution has been through increased research, education, awareness raising and training. Governments, international agencies and various civil society actors have been trying to research and document trafficking routes, patterns and emerging countries of origin, transit and destination. Frustratingly though, their research is often hampered by differing laws, ways countries compile data, national priorities and institutional capabilities, amongst other issues. The United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime (UNODC) has attempted in recent years to compile global statistics and document patterns of human trafficking, and while the massive amounts of data have yielded a range of information, for most this information has been quite unsatisfying because we still lack significant evidence-based statistics about patterns, dynamics and scope. That said, this research has created a foundation of sorts for us to use and to further develop. For instance


in regards to global patterns, according to UNODC, “Most trafficking is national or regional, carried out by people whose nationality is the same as their victim. There are also notable cases of long-distance trafficking.


Europe is


the destination for victims from the widest range of origins, while victims from Asia are trafficked to the widest range of destinations. The Americas are prominent both as the origin and destination of victims in the human trade.”4


These insights are extremely


valuable and are helping officials to design appropriate interventions to combat the scourge. Additionally, there are trafficking


routes and emerging source, transit and destination countries for different types of trafficking, such as trafficking for sexual exploitation or for forced labour. Recent data suggests that following the dissolution of the Soviet Union and the lessening of border restrictions throughout Europe, Europe saw a significant increase in human trafficking for the purposes of sexual exploitation5


.


This is in comparison to regions such as Asia which have arguably seen an increase in human trafficking for sexual exploitation but also significantly for


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