31
GRAPH 4 - Median monthly earnings by occupation (Patacas)
22,500 Overall Median 17,500
Legislators, senior offi cials, directors and managers of companies
Professionals
Technicians and associate professionals
12,500 Clerks Services and sales workers
Skilled agricultural and fi shery workers
7,500 Craftsmen and smiliar workers 2,500 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Plant and machine operators, drivers and assemblers Unskilled workers
Income trends
Another issue in studying the workforce is the evolution of monthly earnings. As in ation has increased over the past decade, the government introduced a series of handouts. The gures do not suggest, however, that most of the population has seen its real income diminish or that workers have become markedly poorer.
GRAPH 4
Median income shot up by more than 80 percent between 1999 and 2010. That represents an average growth of 5.6 percent a year, well above annual increases in the consumer price index during the same period. Omitting unskilled workers from the analysis, the greatest relative increases in income were among less quali ed workers. Median incomes for two blue- collar categories – craftsmen; and plant and machine operators, drivers and assemblers – more than doubled between 1999 and 2010. Salaries for the latter group almost tripled.
GRAPH 5 - Changes to the average of median monthly earnings (Patacas)
25,000 20,000
15,000
10,000 5,000
0 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
Overall average Legislators, senior offi cials, directors and mangers of companies
Overall average - standard deviation Overall average + standard deviation Unskilled workers
GRAPH 5
Analysing the spread of incomes for selected occupations, there are two stand-out categories of jobs. Graph Five plots the average of median incomes for all occupations in Macau and one standard deviation above and below it during the period from 1999 to 2010. It reveals that median incomes for the category that includes legislators, senior of cials, company directors and managers increased substantially, while the median income of unskilled workers was more than one standard deviation less than the mean.
That suggests a relative convergence in incomes for most job categories and an increasingly big gap between Macau’s highest paid and most poorly paid.
GRAPH 6
GRAPH 6 - Growth in the average monthly earnings between 1999 and 2010 by occupation (%)
200 160
180
100 120 140
80 60
40 20 0
Legislators, senior offi cials, directors and managers of companies
Professionals Technicians and
associate professionals Clerks
Services and sales
workers Skilled
agricultural and
fi shery workers
Craftsmen and
similar workers
Plant and machine operators, drivers and assemblers
Unskilled workers
Excluding the relatively small number of skilled agricultural and shery workers from our analysis, the nal graph suggests that relative to other occupations, the incomes of professionals have increased the least between 1999 and 2010. Their median income rose by 17 percent. The nding suggests a version of the middle-class squeeze is playing out in Macau.
JANUARY 2012
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116