MONDAY, DECEMBER 6, 2010
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From Page One U.S. steps up pressure on China as N. Korea’s actions grow alarming n. korea from A1 “The Chinese embrace of
North Korea in the last eight months has served to convince North Korea that China has its back and has encouraged it to behave with impunity,” said a senior administration official speaking on the condition of ano- nymity because of the sensitivity of the subject. “We think the Chinese have been enabling North Korea.” TheKorean Peninsula, the offi-
cial added, has catapulted to the “top of the security agenda when President Hu comes here . . . and the Chinese are aware of it.” The U.S. exasperation with
China over the Koreas has been evident since June, when Presi- dent Obama accused China of “willful blindness” in remaining silent overNorthKorea’s suspect- ed sinking of a South Korean warship inMarch. But the admin- istration’s position now that Chi- na is in effect partially to blame for the problems is new. At a meetingMonday with the
foreign ministers of Japan and South Korea, Secretary of State Hillary Rodham Clinton hopes to begin the process of tightening the three-way relationship, as a response to the persistent North Korean provocations and China’s inaction. The United States and South Korea announced Friday the successful renegotiation of their free-tradeagreement,which will be as important strategically as it is economically to the U.S. presence in the region. This week South Korea joined
ongoingU.S.-Japan military exer- cises as an observer — a signifi- cant move for a country that was once occupied by Japanese forc- es. And onMonday, the chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff, Adm. Mike Mullen, will go to South Korea to further show U.S. sup- port for its ally. While the new U.S. position
reflects a growing frustration with China’s apparent unwilling- ness to rein in Pyongyang, it also underscores a sense that theUnit- ed States and South Korea have runout of leverage with theNorth and are therefore left dependent on Beijing for a solution to the security of the peninsula. But theUnited States has limit-
ed ways to pressure China be- cause its leaders know thatWash- ington, with troops in Afghani- stan and Iraq, doesn’t want an- other war. Also, U.S. alliance building in Northeast Asia has limits because there remains sig- nificant distrust between Tokyo and Seoul. U.S. moves so far in the region
have not paid off. The Obama administration has spearheaded enhanced U.N. sanctions on the North in an attempt to squeeze its leadership and block its ad- vanced weapons sales, and South Korea and Japan have cut their food aid to the impoverished country. Butstill theNorth continues its troublesome behavior. In the space of eight months, it
is believed to have sunk a South Korean warship, killing 46 sail- ors; it also has unveiled a pro- gramto enrich uranium, which is a violation of a commitment it made during talks on its nuclear weapons program five years ago. And then it shelled Yeonpyeong island, launching the first attack on civilians in South Korea since the armistice was signed. SouthKorea has struggled visi-
bly with crafting a policy to halt NorthKorean harassment. Its de- fense minister resigned after the Yeonpyeong attack. Then its new defense minister, Kim Kwan-jin, threatened that South Korea’s air force would bomb North Korea if it used its artillery again.Butsuch amovemight be escalatory, and it is unclear whether the United States,whichretainscommandof all forces in the South, would agree. TheU.S. plan to pressureChina
has met with resistance from Beijing. China’s support of North Korea, while always resolute, has gotten even stronger this year — despite some recent media re- ports based on leaked State De- partment cables that indicated that China might be ready to accept a unitedKorean Peninsula under the South’s leadership. Beijing has hosted the North’s
leader, Kim Jong Il, twice so far this year, and his third son, Kim Jong Eun, the heir apparent, once. It granted Kim the father a
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meeting with the full Standing Committee of the Politburo, a highly unusual honor. And it has increased its investment in and support of North Korea’s econo- my—to ensure that North Korea does not collapse and remains a buffer state between China and the capitalist South. At theUnited Nations, China has also tried to suppress a report on North Kore- an proliferation activity. China’s attitude to the prob- lems on the Korean Peninsula
was on display Nov. 27 when its top diplomat, State Councilor Dai Bingguo, visited South Korea for talks. China, according to South Korean officials, notified South Korea 15 minutes before Dai’s departure that he was headed for Seoul and that he wanted to land at a South Korean air force base that is normally reserved for heads of state. China also in- formed South Korea that it want- ed President Lee Myung-bak’s schedule cleared for an immedi-
ate meeting with Dai. The South did not agree and Daimet Lee the next day. During that meeting, Dai es- sentially gave Lee “a history les- son on the relations between Bei- jing and Seoul” and did not men- tion the North Korean attack on Yeonpyeong, said a South Korean official. “He just told us to calm down,” the official said. Then at the end of the meeting, as the two were readying to shake hands, Dai, off the cuff, told Lee that
China wanted to call an emergen- cy meeting of the six-party talks, grouping the United States, Ja- pan, South Korea, Russia, China and North Korea, to help lower the heat on the peninsula. Lee told Dai that — given North Ko- rea’s actions, a meeting would be tantamount to rewarding North Korean bad behavior. But Dai ignored Lee’s rejection and when Dai returned to Beijing, China’s chief North Korean negotiator, Wu Dawei, announced what it
framed as a bold Chinese initia- tive: more talks. “The South Koreans were real-
ly ticked off,” said Daniel Sneider, an expert on Asian security at the Shorenstein Asia-Pacific Re- search Center at StanfordUniver- sity who was in Seoul last week. “The whole way it was handled smacked of a certain kind of arrogance . . . and signaled that theChinese weren’t serious about reining in theNorth Koreans.”
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