Precise Microbiome Modulation: A New Era in Microbiome Research in Poultry Production
By Cristiano Bortoluzzi, Senior Poultry Scientist and Jack Geremia, Global Head of Microbiome Discovery, DSM Article based on the text of a DSM Feed Talk
Imagine watching an orchestra: You are interested in the music produced by the musicians together, not what each individual is playing. Recent research suggests that we should look at the microbiome like that orchestra, focusing on what all the microbes are producing together, as a symphony, and how it benefits its animal host.
Modulating the functions of the microbiome by adding nutrients or feed additives brings new opportunities to harness the full potential of the microbiome.
With this idea in mind, and with the development of more
advanced technologies in microbiome research, it’s time to change the paradigm: Instead of focusing on which bacteria are present in a microbial community, it’s imperative that we examine what they are doing as a group. In doing this, we consider one of the most important characteristics of the microbiome, cooperation, and how microorganisms interact with each other. In the Human Microbiome Project, it became clear that
the functions performed by all the bacteria together are far less dependent on the presence or absence of single microbes than previously thought. This functional view of the microbiome provides opportunities to explore what the microorganisms are doing and how the end products of their metabolism benefit the host. Indeed, a large portion of substances in the bloodstream of animals originate from the intestinal microbes, and these are key when linking physiological processes (e.g., digestion and fermentation) with health and welfare.
PAGE 28 JANUARY/FEBRUARY 2023 FEED COMPOUNDER
Modulating the microbiome with Precision Biotics Precision Biotics (PB), a new category of nutritional feed additives, are being developed to leverage the recent advances in microbiome sciences and to cope with challenges faced by the poultry industry. The mechanism of action employed by PBs is different from that of prebiotics or other conventional gut-health products. Precision biotics are carbohydrates with glycosidic linkages and size distributions selected specifically for their ability to modulate intestinal microbiome pathways. In other words, it is a very precise conductor of the microbiome that brings overall harmony to the gut. For instance, our specifically selected PB (SymphiomeTM, DSM Nutritional Products) increases the number of genes associated with protein and amino acid metabolism and short-chain fatty acid production, which reduces intestinal ammonia production. In studies, the result was an improvement in observed litter quality and welfare indicators, such as foot pad dermatitis. A publication from Walsh et al. (2021) reported that our PB
modulated the functions of the cecal microbiome related to propionic acid production and nitrogen metabolism. A publication by Jacquier et al. (2022), comprising two studies of broiler chicken studies raised in floor pens to evaluate the effect of our PB, showed that PB supplementation improved litter score, ammonia output and gait score. As a consequence of improved welfare and gas emission indicators, the PB improved body weight gain (BWG) by 44g on day 35 and feed conversion ratio (FCR) by 11.4 points. In the second study, BWG was improved by 112g and FCR by 4.7 points.
Mechanism of action of Precision Biotics Precision biotics are microbiome metabolic modulators that conduct bacterial functions, encouraging the production of substances that
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