per cent towards the final A Level grade when awarded by the CCEA but will not count anything for other awarding bodies such as AQA and OCR. Revised GCSEs were taught from September 2017, and the changes largely reflect the content of the syllabus.
SCHOOL TYPES
All children between the ages of four and 16 are entitled to a free school place. The majority of schools are grant- aided, although there are around ten independent schools in Northern Ireland.
Controlled schools are managed and funded by the Education Authority (EA) through boards of school governors. Although they are now open to all faiths, many were originally Protestant church schools, and the Protestant church still maintains a link with the schools through representatives on the boards of governors. Voluntary maintained schools are managed by boards of governors nominated by trustees (mainly Roman Catholic), along with parents, teachers and EA representatives. Voluntary non-maintained schools are mainly grammar schools managed by boards of governors. There are still around 70 grammar schools in Northern Ireland, but the system works differently from the English system. Rather than using a state-run entrance test such as the 11-plus, Northern
Ireland’s grammar schools set their own entrance exams. Northern Ireland has a large number of Roman Catholic schools. The Council for Catholic Maintained Schools (CCMS) supports Catholic schools through boards of governors and is the largest employer of teachers in Northern Ireland. Integrated schools encourage Protestant and Roman Catholic pupils to come together to improve their understanding of one another and their cultures and values. Irish-medium education is also provided in Irish-speaking schools. Comhairle na Gaelscolaíochta was established by the DE to encourage it.
FURTHER EDUCATION
Higher education in Northern Ireland relates to levels 4–8 of the Framework for Higher Education Qualifications (FHEQ). This applies to degrees, diplomas and other certificates and awards granted by university or colleges. There are three universities, two university colleges,
six further-education colleges and an agricultural college in Northern Ireland. Many of these rank highly at the international level, and the country is a popular destination for international students. As with Scotland, Wales and England, UCAS is the admissions body through which pupils apply for places at university or college.
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