Feature: Automotive
Co-existence of optical and copper technologies in automotive networking
worldwide already provide the components and solutions needed for multi-gigabit networking in the car: the physical layer (PHY), fibre optic transceivers (FOTs), fibres, connectors and light sources.
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And, the technology is scaleable to accomodate even higher data rates in the future. By optimising in all areas of the new standard, the right balance of complexity and cost among all parts
STANDARDISATION AND COMPLIANCE IEEE 802.3 standard
As an amendment to the IEEE 802.3 standard, IEEE Std 802.3bv for gigabit Ethernet over POF defines physical-layer specifications and management parameters for automotive, industrial and home-networking applications using POF. KDPOF technology entirely fulfills the preconditions of the new IEEE amendment, providing reliable and proven solutions for automotive applications. The KD1053 transceiver perfectly meets the requirements of car makers by providing high connectivity with a flexible digital host interface, low latency, low jitter and low linking times. The transceiver is optimised for low power and small footprint, and transmits data at 1000/100Mb/s on standard SI-POF, MC-POF or PCS, according to 1000BASE-RH (IEEE 802.3bv).
ISO 21111
With the supplementary parts ISO 21111-3:2020 and ISO 21111-5:2020, the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) specifies further features for reliable in-vehicle data transmission of 1Gbps over POF technology. With the new ISO 21111 sections complementing the existing IEEE Std 802.3bv, optical gigabit connectivity is now entirely standardised.
Optical multi-gigabit
Automotive applications, with technological leaps such as electric vehicles, automated driving and V2X interconnection, call for tremendous network speeds, moving in-vehicle networks from just one to multiple gigabits per second. Optical communication supports fast multi-gigabit Ethernet speeds in the car, and is close to standardisation and wide-spread implementation. With the approval of the IEEE 802.3 working group, a team of individuals affiliated with more than 15 key car makers and components suppliers, including KDPOF, has begun the standardisation of an IEEE 802.3 Automotive Optical Multi-Gigabit Standard. The working group, headed by KDPOF’s CEO, Carlos Pardo, kicked off in 2019, with the first prototypes expected at the end of 2021. The study group is evaluating the creation of an IEEE Ethernet standard for the automotive industry, with speeds starting at 2.5Gb/s and reaching 25 or 50Gb/s. It will leverage the existing 10GBASE-SR, the current standard for industrial use, to develop a new technology suitable for the stringent automotive
requirements.The key development objectives for the new standard target outranging performance. Speeds will reach 50Gb/s per line, scaleable to 100Gb/s with multiple lines. The temperatures range is from -40°C to 125°C, at distances of 15m, with four in-line connectors for cars and 40m with four in-line connectors for buses and trucks for 25Gb/s. Meeting OEM reliability requirements, the failure rate is below 10 FIT (failures in time: 1FIT equals one failure per 1,000 devices operating one million hours). To lower costs, electronics developed for nGBASE-SR will be reused, including optics, fibres, connectors, and others. Further specifications include 850nm VCSEL, multimode OM3 fibre, PAM2 receivers and connectors. Standardisation work focuses on the automotive requirements: VCSEL reliability for the operation temperature range, connector development with quality grades and an adaptive DSP to cope with the large parametric deviation of the VCSEL. Increased yields result in cost reductions.
(CMOS IC, VCSEL, PD, ferrules, sleeves, cable, in-line connection technology, optics, lenses, etc.) can be achieved to deliver the lowest cost, most reliable and highly- scaleable automotive solutions.
www.electronicsworld.co.uk September 2021 33
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