Focus: Cybersecurity


Figure 1: In principle, all obligations under the CRA apply from December 11, 2027, but certain provisions will take effect from 2025 and will cover both hardware and software aspects of cybersecurity


Figure 2: Contrasting the benefi ts of complying with the CRA with the risks of non-compliance


RED and EN 18031 requirements In parallel with the CRA, the EU has also tightened cybersecurity rules via its Radio Equipment Directive (Directive 2014/53/EU). This mandate applies to any product sold in the EU that intentionally transmits or receives radio signals, such as Wi-Fi, LTE or Bluetooth.


Additionally, from August 1, 2025,


the delegated regulation (EU) 2022/30 expanded the scope of mandatory cybersecurity requirements for manufacturers, whose devices must now protect networks from unauthorised access, safeguard personal data and user privacy, and prevent fraud in digital communications.


To streamline compliance, the


harmonised standard EN 18031 was developed, which provides a presumption of conformity for RED cybersecurity provisions and specifies its technical requirements. These include secure boot, access control, encrypted communication and digitally-signed firmware updates. However, this


www.electronicsworld.co.uk December 2025/January 2026 09


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