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Combined heat & power


www.heatingandventilating.net


CHP takes on climate change


The science is clear: if we are to stop climate change, we have to meet the Paris Agreement’s temperature goals and reduce our greenhouse gas emissions by 80% by 2050. Energy-efficient technologies, such as cogeneration, or combined heat and power (CHP), can play a massive role in achieving these targets. 2G Energy’s Mark Holtmann explores the benefits


the resulting heat can be used for heating, cooling or generating steam. This saves up to 40% of primary energy. CHP units consist of a combustion engine, a


C


generator and heat exchangers and can be powered by natural gas, sludge gas or biogas. Because less fuel is burned to produce each unit of energy output, and because transmission and distribution losses are avoided, CHP reduces CO2 emissions by up to 60% compared with conventional electricity generation in large power plants. It is one of the most environmentally friendly ways of burning fossil fuels. But there are other reasons for implementing CHP: the technology is sophisticated and has been proven in practice in thousands of applications. Its efficient use of energy leads to a significant reduction in energy costs, helps users become less dependent on energy price trends and guarantees the availability of electricity and heat on a continuous basis. For many companies, CHP offers a significant opportunity to reduce energy costs and improve environmental performance, with users typically saving around 20% of their energy costs. For example, one sugar processor produces around one million tons of sugar in the UK and 500,000 tons of animal feed products from sugar beet pulp. CHP technology is a significant part of their daily business, with CHP operations at each of their four beet processing sites. The CHP unit at one of the company’s factories supplies hot water and excess carbon dioxide to greenhouses to help grow over 140 million tomatoes each year. The company has also invested in an anaerobic digestion plant, using sugar beet pressed pulp to feed the digesters and generate biogas to fire two CHP gas engines, helping to provide 8,000 households with electricity. CHP units have many different areas of use, for example, in residential buildings, office and administration buildings, nurseries, schools, hotels, care homes, hospitals and a wide variety of industrial and commercial businesses. They are being installed throughout the world to conserve resources and


 July 2018


HP describes the cogeneration of mechanical energy and heat: while the mechanical energy is converted straight into electricity,


virtual power plants – due to their distributed nature, controllability and predictable availability. CHP plants meet the requirements of local voltage guidelines and are suitable for selling the electricity they generate on the energy market. CHP technology is also an important cornerstone when it comes to the energy supply of the future. Not only can CHP generation provide electricity and heat highly efficiently and in an environmentally-friendly manner, it can also be connected to the general supply network, thus stabilising the system. With CHP generation, both fossil fuels and renewable primary energy sources can be converted to electricity and heat as needed. CHP generation is a suitable addition to the renewable energy system as it guarantees a reliable energy supply. However, gas engine CHP plant can give rise to higher emissions of nitrogen oxide (NOx) than ultra- low NOx gas boilers. That’s why it is vital that the performance of CHP systems is sustained over the entire lifetime of the system, and that it complies with ever more stringent emissions standards. Having to turn a CHP plant off due to failed NOx emissions tests can be expensive. But there are ways of keeping NOx emissions low.


For example, 2G Energy’s new NOx reduction technology ensures CHP systems in the company’s g-box, aura and patruus series are emitting less than 45mg/Nm3


at 5% O2. That’s almost 50% less Mark Holtmann of 2G Energy


CHP offers the opportunity to reduce energy costs by up to 20% and improve environmental performance


reduce the operators’ energy costs for years to come. They are also increasingly gaining importance in intelligently networked energy systems – so-called


than the most stringent emissions limit set by both the Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) and the new Greater London Authority (GLA) Sustainable Design and Construction guidelines, and over 90% less than the standard accepted limit of 500mg/Nm3 at 5% O2. These new systems also qualify for the highest level of credits under the BREEAM standard and are in accordance with the Code for Sustainable Homes and the Clean Air Act. Satisfying the requirements for low NOx limits is an important factor when it comes to improving air quality and energy efficiency at the same time. Plus, compliance with the GLA’s air quality standards is a prerequisite for obtaining planning permission, so in addition to reducing air pollution, low NOx emissions amount to a competitive advantage. CHP truly is adept at multitasking.


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