Test & measurement
Figure 2: Analysis of retransmitted echo in relation to the original pulse with the R&S RTP onboard-tools. Changes over time can be tracked in both time and frequency domain.
fake radar echo representing a false target that the transmitting radar cannot distinguish from other legitimate signals. For this purpose, the retransmitted false targets have to maintain coherence with the original signal. This can only be validated when both the original and retransmitted pulses are analysed in relation to each other. The R&S RTP allows a phase-coherent analysis of both signals in the time and frequency domains. With an internal analysis bandwidth up to 16 GHz, it even allows for frequency agile radar an RF hopper analysis over a relatively wide bandwidth, to verify if the DRFM is following that agility. The detection accuracy of the pulses is greatly
improved by the advanced trigger system of the R&S RTP. R&S oscilloscopes have the particularity, that their trigger system is fully digital, i.e. it operates directly on the samples of the A/D converter. The measurement signal is not split up into two paths as for conventional analogue triggers. Therefore, the impairments of an analogue trigger system are eliminated by design. This results in a lower trigger jitter and a flexible trigger sensitivity that can be optimised depending on the actual needs. For a more in-depth analysis of the pulses, the
R&S RTP can be combined with the R&S Vector Signal Explorer (R&S VSE), a powerful analysis tool for a variety of signals. The R&S VSE has the unique
capability to provide full support for the R&S oscilloscope trigger system without any limitations regarding the trigger types or parameters. This allows a flexible optimisation of the trigger settings to get a stable and reliable trigger condition of the signal of interest, and leads to better measurement performance, especially when irrelevant signal portions such as off-times have a significantly larger duration than the pulses/pulse sequences. Considering the DRFM example, the
multichannel pulse analysis option R&S VSE-K6a delivers a comparison of pulse parameters and statistics over multiple channels. Thus, it allows a comprehensive analysis of the DRFM retransmitted pulse changes over time with respect to the original signal.
Using the same instrUment to cover the digital design test needs
With the intensive use of DSP blocks for real- time signal processing and the current trend going towards the deployment of wideband
Rohde & SchwaRz offeRS analysis bandwidth up to 16 Ghz advanced fully digital trigger system
supporting the full instrument bandwidth dedicated multichannel pulse analysis tool
wide range of digital design measurement functions
Unrivaled update rate of 750,000 waveforms/s
Versatile solution than can handle both Rf and digital test requirements
converters as close as possible to the antennas and relying on advanced digital technologies for beamforming and beam steering, the digital test needs including signal integrity, high-speed digital interface and memory tests are gaining more importance for the prototyping and validation of radar and EW designs. Oscilloscopes represent the tool of choice for such measurements. For example, the R&S RTP offers a wide range of signal integrity functions (eye diagram, jitter analysis etc.). Furthermore, it provides a variety of digital interface and memory test solutions for multiple standards (e.g. PCIe, DDR and so on) and for A&D specific buses (e.g. MIL-STD-1553, ARINC 429, SpaceWire). Combined with its RF multichannel analysis
capabilities, it becomes clear that the R&S RTP represents a general-purpose instrument that is best suited for debugging complex systems by providing R&D and validation engineers with a one-instrument solution to help them characterise their prototypes from the RF frontend up to the bitstream.
Figure 3: In-depth analysis of the retransmitted pulse echo (Channel 3) in relation to the original pulse (Channel 1) with the R&S VSE-K6a.
Instrumentation Monthly October 2021
Rohde & Schwarz
www.rohde-schwarz.com
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