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Monitoring & metering


Monitoring vog from Kilauea


In May 2018, the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea erupted, emitting high levels of dust and gases. This provided a unique opportunity to monitor the air quality of a volcano during the eruptive phase. MIT researchers used instruments from Alphasense to set up a monitoring system to measure background air, offering the chance to understand a different phase of the volcano’s life


In 2018, Kilauea erupted with devastating consequences


displacing hundreds of people and emitting high levels of dust and harmful gases. Aside from the human tragedy that this created, the eruption provided a unique opportunity to monitor the air quality of a volcano during the eruptive phase, and researchers have employed innovative low-cost sensors to do so, as part of a dense monitoring network. The Hawaiian Department of Health operates several air quality


I


n May 2018, the Hawaiian volcano Kilauea erupted with devastating consequences - destroying homes,


monitoring stations on the island, but at the time of the eruption scientists from Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering had already begun building a denser network of monitoring sites in response to air quality concerns relating to volcanic smog or ‘vog’. “In May 2018, when we heard about


the new eruption, we contacted our sensor supplier Alphasense in the UK, seeking urgent supplies,” explains MIT associate professor Jesse Kroll. “At that time we had already installed


around five monitors, but Alphasense was able to rush further sulfur dioxide, hydrogen sulfide and particulate sensors to us so that we could build the network up to around 30 systems, although some of those located close to fissures were subsequently lost to the lava.” The monitoring stations were


designed and built by MIT staff. Battery powered with a solar charger, the monitors provide data in almost real- time via built-in 3G cellular communications. Readings are fed to a website that provides easy access to monitoring data with any web-enabled device – see www.voginfo.com. In addition to current readings, the site also provides a graphical display for the previous 24 hours. MIT has worked with Alphasense since


2013 and has established a high level of confidence in their quality and reliability. Working with David Hagan at MIT, postdoctoral researcher Dr. Benjamin Crawford is based in Hawai’i, and is responsible for maintaining the network and analysing the data. Along with regulatory air quality


monitoring stations, the indicative monitors from MIT provide lower levels of accuracy and precision. However Kroll says: “Our stations are compact, lightweight and very significantly lower in cost, which means that we are able to install multiple units and undertake high density monitoring, which offers a wide range of advantages. “Firstly, we are able to monitor in all


the locations of greatest concern – in the more densely populated areas and near schools for example. Secondly, networks such as this enable the tracking of


14 April 2019 Instrumentation Monthly


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