E n er g y S ol uti o ns b e g a n its pr e-st u d y i nt o a m m o ni a c o m b usti o n
i n 2 0 1 9 a n d
i n
2 0 2 0 ki c k e d o ff t h e m ai n pr oj e ct wit h t h e c o nst r u cti o n of 4 T 5 0 M E- X t w o-st r o k e t est e n gi n e. I n r e c e nt y e ars, M A N h as d e v el o p e d s e v er al v ari ati o ns of its b asi c M E e n gi n e t y p e s uit e d t o di ff er e nt f u els a n d it is t h o u g ht t h at t h e a m m o ni a e n gi n e will li k el y i n h erit m a n y f e at ur es fr o m t h e M E- L GI P t y p e d esi g n e d t o r u n o n L P G. T hr o u g h 2 0 2 1/ 2 2 M A N pl a ns t o t est
W ärt sil ä c o n d u ct e d t h e w orl d’ s Thr st a m m o ni a c o m b u sti o n t e st s i n M ar c h l a st y e ar
n e e d e d f or p arts of t h e e n gi n e a n d f u el s yst e ms, a n d t his is o n e are a w hi c h Wärtsil ä is l o o ki n g at i n its r es e ar c h pr o gr a m m e. M A N als o h as t his as p e ct i n f o c us as it b eli e v es t h e alt er e d c o m b usti o n p h ysi cs re q uires t h or o u g h res e arc h of t h e i n fl u e n c e o n all c o n c ei v a bl e e n gi n e d esi g n p ar a m et ers t o pr o vi d e a n e ffi ci e nt a n d s af e e n gi n e a n d f u el s u p pl y s yst e m. S af et y will b e of p ar a m o u nt i m p ort a n c e
b e c a us e a m m o ni a is a t o xi c s u bst a n c e. E x p o s u r e t o hi g h c o n c e nt r ati o n s of a m m o ni a i n air c a us es i m m e di at e b ur ni n g of t h e e y es, n os e, t hr o at a n d r es pir at or y tr a ct a n d c a n r es ult i n bli n d n ess, l u n g d a m a g e or d e at h. I n h al ati o n of l o w er c o n c e ntr ati o ns c a n c a us e c o u g hi n g, a n d n os e a n d t hr o at irrit ati o n. ffi at s ai d, a m m o ni a is a c o m m o n c h e mi c al i n i n d ustr y a n d h as l o n g b e e n tr a ns p ort e d b y s hi ps. fi er e is t h er ef or e a wi d e p o ol of e x p eri e n c e f or st or a g e a n d us e pr o c e d ur es a n d s af et y m e as ur es. M A N s a ys t h at m ost of t h e f u el s yst e m will f e at ur e d o u bl e- w all e d pi p eli n es t o mi ni mis e ris k of l e a k a g e.
N Y K Li n e’ s a m m o ni a -f u ell e d g a s c arri er c o n c e pt
As a f u el, a m m o ni a c a n b e st or e d as a
li q ui d at 8 b ar at a m bi e nt t e m p er at ur e or r ef ri g er at e d t o - 3 3° C. As y et t h e I M O’s I G F c o d e d o es n ot c o v er a m m o ni a b ut t h er e ar e dis c ussi o ns f or it t o b e i n cl u d e d i n f ut ur e. S yst e ms pr es e ntl y us e d f or L N G f u el st or a g e w o ul d w or k q uit e w ell f or a m m o ni a wit h o ut t h e n e e d f or t h e m u c h l o w er t e m p er at ur es r e q uri e d f or L N G. Th e t o xi cit y of a m m o ni a will m a k e t h e s e ali n g arr a n g e m e nts f or st or a g e a n d f u el li n es a n ar e a w h er e p arti c ul ar att e nti o n is n e e d e d. A m m o ni a is n ot t h e p erf e ct f u el as it
o nl y h as o n e t hir d t h e e n er g y b y d e nsit y as f u el oil. This i nf ers t h at t h e r a n g e of a s hi p will b e r e d u c e d a c c or di n gl y, w hi c h m a y b e a pr o bl e m f or d e e p-s e a v ess els u nl e s s a b u n k e ri n g i nf r a st r u ct u r e i s r a pi dl y est a blis h e d. U ntil t h at h a p p e ns, a m m o ni a c o ul d still pl a y a r ol e i n r e d u ci n g t h e C O 2
t h e e n gi n e a n d i n v esti g at e e missi o n a Th er tr e at m e nt b ef or e a f ull-s c al e t est i n 2 0 2 3 a n d a d di n g a n a m m o ni a e n gi n e i n 2 0 2 4, f oll o w e d b y a r etr o fit p a c k a g e f or s uit a bl e i n-s er vi c e e n gi n es i n 2 0 2 5. Th e c o m p a n y h a d b e g u n its r es e ar c h al o n e b ut i n 2 0 2 0 b e c a m e t h e p art n er i n a c o ns orti u m f u n d e d b y I n n o v ati o n F u n d D e n m ar k. I n cl u d e d i n t h e c o ns orti u m ar e f u el-s yst e m s u p pli er Eltr o ni c F u el Te c h, t h e Te c h ni c al U ni v ersit y of D e n m ar k ( D T U) a n d D N V G L. F or its p art, Wärtsil ä h as alr e a d y el e ct e d
a c a n di d at e s hi p o w n er f or its f or a y i nt o f o ur-str o k e a m m o ni a-f u ell e d e n gi n es. I n J u n e, it a n n o u n c e d a j oi nt pr oj e ct wit h R e ps ol a n d N or w e gi a n s hi p o w n er K n uts e n O A S a Th er h a vi n g e arli er b e g a n c o n d u cti n g t ests t h at ‘ yi el d e d pr o misi n g r es ults’. It h as b e e n r e p ort e d t h at t h e first e n gi n e will pr o b a bl y b e a m ultif u el e n gi n e a n d will b e o n e of a m ulti- e n gi n e d di es el el e ctri c s yst e m o n a n o ffs h or e s u p pl y v ess el. A m m o ni a i s al s o b ei n g r e s e a r c h e d
e missi o ns of s hi ps as
it m a y w ell b e p ossi bl e f or it t o b e mi x e d i n v ar yi n g r ati os wit h f u el oil or L N G i n a p pr o pri at el y m o di fi e d e n gi n es. I n a mi x e d f u el s c e n ari o, t h e t w o f u els
w o ul d n e e d t o b e st or e d i n s e p ar at e t a n ks s uit e d t o e a c h f u els st or a g e c h ar a ct eristi cs a n d c o ul d b e mi x e d u n d er press ure pri or t o i nj e cti o n or t w o s e p ar at e i nj e cti o n s yst e ms c o ul d b e us e d. Th e l att er arr a n g e m e nt mi g ht b e b e n e fi ci al if a s hi p is i nt e n d e d t o o p er at e as a d u al-f u el v ess el.
R a ci n g t o b e t h e Thr st T h er e is s o m et hi n g of a r a c e b et w e e n di ff er e nt e n gi n e m a k ers t o bri n g a m m o ni a- f u ell e d v e ss el s
Gr e e n S hi p pi n g J a n u ar y 2 0 2 1
e xt e nsi v el y i n J a p a n wit h t w o pr oj e cts a n n o u n c e d i n s u m m er 2 0 2 0. I n A u g ust, N Y K Li n e a n d Cl ass N K j oi n e d wit h J a p a n M ari n e U nit e d t o b e gi n d e v el o p m e nt of a n a m m o ni a f u el g as c ar ri e r. A m o nt h l at e r, t h e fi rst t w o or g a nis ati o ns b e g a n a n ot h er pr oj e ct wit h I HI P o w er S yst e ms ai m e d at p utti n g t h e w o rl d’s fi r st a m m o ni a-f u ell e d t u g b o at i nt o pr a cti c al us e. Li k el y d at es f or c o m pl eti o n of t h e pr oj e cts w er e n ot dis cl os e d. If a m m o ni a d o es b e c o m e a c c e pt e d as a
i nt o o p e r ati o n. M A N
m ari n e f u el, s o m e a n al ysts ar e s a yi n g t h at b y 2 0 3 0, t h e q u a ntit y of a m m o ni a r e q uir e d w o ul d b e d o u bl e t h e c u r r e nt w orl d pr o d u cti o n. If tr u e t h e n pr o d u cti o n w o ul d n e e d t o b e s c al e d u p c o nsi d er a bl y a n d usi n g gr e e n er m et h o ds t h a n is c urr e ntl y t h e c as e as t h er e w o ul d b e littl e p oi nt i n m a ki n g us e of a f u el t h at us es m or e f ossil f u el e n er g y t o pr o d u c e t h a n it h as t h e p ot e nti al t o gi v e t o s hi p pi n g. N A
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