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F e at ur e 4 | WI N D A gi a nt s ail f or a s hi p


C o ul d a u ni q u e c ar c arri er, wit h a h ull d esi g n e d t o h ar n ess wi n d p o w er, b e t h e f ut ur e of d e e p-s e a tr a ns p ort ati o n?


S


e v e r al e xi sti n g wi n d - p o w e r e d t e c h n ol o gi es ar e


pr oj e ct e n visi o ns a h ull p ur p os e- b uilt t o h ar n ess t his r e n e w a bl e e n er g y s o urc e. Vi n ds ki p


wi n d a n d L N G- p o w e r e d c a r c a r ri e r d esi g n b y L a d e A S, w hi c h ai ms t o o ff er t h e


i n d ust r y’s l o w est e missi o ns i nst all e d d uri n g r etr o fits, b ut o n e o n g oi n g N or w e gi a n is a 1 9 9 m-l o n g, 6, 6 0 0- c a p a cit y i n t h e


d e e p-s e a c ar c arri er m ar k et. T o a c hi e v e t his, t h e c o m p a n y h as d e v el o p e d Vi n ds ki p’s t hr e e- p art d y n a mi c s yst e m; its p at e nt e d Wi n d Pr o p ulsi o n S yst e m, a Cr uis e a n d Pr o p ulsi o n P o w er s yst e m a n d fi n all y, its We at h er R o uti n g M o d ul e. Terj e L a d e, d esi g n er of Vi n ds ki p , t ells ffie N a v al Arc hitect


t h at h e ori gi n all y f o u n d


i ns pir ati o n f or t h e pr oj e ct w h e n d esi g ni n g f or a n e ntir el y diff er e nt s e ct or: “ W hil e w or ki n g wit h s p e e d s aili n g b o ats, a s ort of ‘gr e e d f or s p e e d’ t ur n e d i nt o a c o n c er n f or t h e e n vir o n m e nt, a n d I st arte d t hi n ki n g ‘ h o w c a n I us e t his k n o wl e d ge t o d esi g n a s hi p t h at d o es n’t r u n o n H F O, a n d t h at w as t h e b asis of Vi n ds ki p .”


H o w d o e s it w or k ? Vi n ds ki p h as b e e n c o m p ar e d t o a gi a nt s ail as its h ull is s h a p e d li k e a n ‘airf oil’; t h e cr oss-s e cti o n al s h a p e of a wi n g, bl a d e or s ail t h at, d u e t o air fl o w al o n g its f or m, g e n er at es p ull a n d dr a g w h e n tr a v elli n g t hr o u g h air or fl ui d. I n Vi n ds ki p ’s Wi n d Pr o p ulsi o n S yst e m, diff er e nt


l e v els of pr ess ur e ar e cr e at e d


as A p p ar e nt Wi n d, t h e wi n d m e as ur e d o n b o ar d a s hi p i n m oti o n, fl o ws o v er its h ull, g e n er ati n g a p ositi v e p ull i n t h e v ess el’s dire cti o n as a f u n cti o n of t h e A p p are nt Wi n d A n gl e of Att a c k. fi e A n gl e of Att a c k is d e fi n e d as t h e a n gl e


b et w e e n t h e s hi p’s c h or d li n e (t h e c e ntr al li n e r u n ni n g l o n git u di n all y al o n g t h e h ull) a n d t h e A p p ar e nt Wi n d, a n d Vi n ds ki p c a n a c hi e v e s o m e l e v el of p ull ( n e g ati v e f or c e c o effi ci e nt) b et w e e n t h e A n gl e of Att a c k v al u es of 1 8- 1 8 0 d e gre es (s e e Fi g ure 1). This all o ws it t o o p er at e w ell i n c o n diti o ns s e e n d uri n g d e e p-s e a v o y a g es, as L a d e e x pl ai ns: “ Th ere are s o m e s m all o pti m u ms al o n g t h e y a w a n gl e ( A n gl e of Att a c k) li n e, a n d t h e


2 2


I n s pir e d b y airf oil t e c h ni q u e s h ar n e s s e d b y t h e a vi ati o n a n d s ail b o at i n d u stri e s, Vi n d s ki p ’ s wi n d - p o w er e d pr o p ul si o n e n a bl e s a 6 3 % r e d u cti o n i n C O2


b est is a b o ut 8 0- 8 5 d e gr e es, b ut it o p er at es v er y w ell fr o m 4 0 u p t o 9 0 d e gre es, a n d t h at is a ct u all y t h e r a n g e y o u are o p er ati n g wit hi n w h e n y o u are o ut o n t h e s e a.” S ails ar e t r a diti o n all y as y m m et ri c al


airf oils, b ut Vi n ds ki p ’s h ull is a s y m m etri c al airf oil, all o wi n g it t o h ar n ess A p p are nt Wi n d fr o m b ot h st ar b o ar d a n d p ortsi d e. L a d e str ess es t h at t h e v ess el’s a bilit y t o f u n cti o n b et w e e n 1 8- 1 8 0 fr o m eit h er si d e of t h e s hi p is w h at s e p ar at es it fr o m its s ail- b as e d pr e d e c ess ors: “It h as t o f u n cti o n u n d er all c o n diti o ns, b e c a us e if y o u ar e c arr yi n g v al u a bl e g o o ds t h e n y o u h a v e t o h a v e a hi g h re g ul arit y. It c a n n ot o p er at e as a s ail s hi p, as y o u w o ul d h a v e t o c h as e t h e wi n d a n d t h e re g ul arit y w o ul d b e v er y p o or.” B el o w 1 8 d e g r e es A n gl e of Att a c k


Vi n ds ki p d o es n ot g e n er at e p ull b ut its dr a g is m ar gi n al, L a d e p oi nts o ut, a d di n g t h at e v e n at z er o a n gl e of att a c k ( als o k n o w n as h e a d wi n d) t h e s hi p will still e x p eri e n c e v er y l o w dr a g, gi vi n g it t h e u p p er h a n d o v er re g ul ar c ar c arri ers a n d e ve n t h e c ar g o it m a y c arr y. “I n f a ct, it’s s o l o w it’s a b o ut a 0. 1 5 dr a g c o e ffi ci e nt, if y o u c o m p ar e t his wit h a c ar, li k e Tesl a f or i nst a n c e, w hi c h h as t h e l o w est dr a g c o e ffi ci e nt i n t h e c urr e nt m ar k et of 0. 2 4. W hil e f or a n or di n ar y s hi p t his is m u c h hi g h er, ar o u n d 0. 6, a n d t h e c ur v e dis pl a y e d o n Vi n ds ki p ’s gr a p h ( Fi g ur e 1) d o es n’t e v e n g o t h at hi g h,” h e c o m m e nts.


A w ell - b al a n c e d s hi p O n e of Vi n ds ki p ’s m aj or a d v a nt a g es o v er st a n d ar d c ar c arri ers is a pr oj e ct e d 7 5 % dr a g


r e d u cti o n a n d, i n t ur n, a n esti m at e d 6 0 % r e d u cti o n i n f u el. W hil e t h er e’s n o d o u bt t h at t h e dr a g a b at e m e nt a c c o m plis h e d b y Vi n ds ki p ’s Wi n d Pr o p ulsi o n S yst e m c o ntri b ut es t o t h es e fi g ur es, L a d e als o hi g hli g hts t h e i m p ort a n c e of t h e s hi p’s h y dr ost ati c u n d er w at er h ull d esi g n: “ Th e u n d er w at er h ulls of or di n ar y s hi ps


h a v e fl at b ott o ms. T h at m e a ns t h e y ar e m o vi n g al o n g t h eir r o ut e li k e a s n a ke o n t h e w at er, a n d t h e y h a v e t o us e t h e r u d d er t o ali g n f or t his m o v e m e nt. B y d oi n g s o, t h e y are bre a ki n g a n d sl o wi n g d o w n t h e s hi p – it’s li k e dri vi n g y o ur c ar wit h t h e h a n d br a k e o n a n d t h at will c ost y o u a l ot of f u el. W h ere as Vi n ds ki p c a n o p er at e i n t h e Atl a nti c wit h a r u d d er a n gl e of 0- 2 %.” L a d e s a ys t his n arr o w r u d d er r a n g e


is p ossi bl e b e c a us e of t h e s hi p’s b al a n c e d u e t o its u n d er w at er h ull; it’s d esi g n e d wit h a tri m m er t h at pr o vi d es st a bilit y i n pl a c e of a tr a diti o n al h e a v y k e el us e d f or c o u nt er b al a n c e o n s ail b o ats. As a r es ult, Vi n ds ki p r e q uir es o nl y 4 0 0t o n n es of b all ast w at er t o tr a ns p ort its 6, 6 0 0 R T 4 3 c ars, i n c o ntr ast t o t h e 5, 0 0 0t o n n es r e q uir e d b y a st a n d ar d 6, 0 0 0 c a p a cit y c ar c arri er. “ T his gi v es it a gre at a d v a nt a g e wit h res p e ct t o t h e resist a n c e t hr o u g h t h e s e a, w hi c h is re fl e ct e d wit h re g ar d t o t h e f u el c o ns u m pti o n wit h its m u c h l o w er dis pl a c e m e nt t h a n a r ef er e n c e s hi p,” h e a d ds.


M ai nt ai ni n g c o n si st e nt s p e e d Wi n d c o n diti o ns i n t h e Atl a nti c, w h er e Vi n ds ki p ai ms t o tr a v el, will v ar y o v er ti m e,


Gr e e n S hi p pi n g J a n u ar y 2 0 2 1


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