The Healthcare Enviroment Setting
Healthcare buildings can be very complex for a lighting designer due to the diverse task requirements demanded, often requiring high levels of visual performance as well as a safe environment with built in emergency lighting systems in case of possible supply interruptions. Facilities also have to be appropriately lit to ensure safe high transit use by a range of audiences including the aged, and those with disabilities or in distress, so a practical but calming
lit environment is essential. It should be noted that LG2 does not evaluate human-centric elements of circadian rhythms, instead concentrates on proven design principles and that priority should be given to harvesting daylight which is then complemented by carefully designed lighting solutions along with consideration to energy efficiency and the appearance of overall lit environment in terms of quality and its ability to enhance the medical and patient journey. Practical issues such as detrimental effects of glare, colour temperature and colour rendering properties and choice of light source control are also primary considerations along with the ease of cleaning and maintenance. Aesthetically, the appearance of luminaires and its integration with the structure of the building are also relevant.
To summarise, lighting in healthcare is not just about the visual task, but illumination of spaces to enhance and contribute to a sense of wellbeing by employing lighting technology and controls, appropriate colour temperatures and rendering properties as well as harvesting the natural day light and luminaire selection. Countless studies have illustrated the powerful impact light has on subjective and objective mental and physical wellbeing. Its effects range from improved mood, vitality, alertness, stress relief, and sleep quality, to recovery from depression, and recovery after surgery. Lighting in the healthcare environment should always be approached with the same care and attention as any other of the services within a modern healthcare setting.
Recommendations and Design Considerations
General lighting recommendations for the illuminance, switching and the emergency lighting requirements for healthcare buildings are advised in tables 1 and 2 in LG2. Part A also lists the recommendations and requirements for typical areas found within healthcare buildings.
Illuminance
Specific attention must be given to the illuminance on the task which, in combination with the reflectiveness of the materials from which the task is constructed and the immediate surroundings to the task, determines the sensitivity of the human visual ability. Generally, the position of measurement for task illuminance for the purposes of a design calculation is on the task area, which may be a horizontal, vertical, or inclined plane, with a band of at least 0.5 m around the task area within the visual field. The illuminance of the immediate surrounding area can be less than the task area but not less than the values given in Table 3 unless at night.
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