CHAPTER 4: SUSTAINABILITY AND RESILIENCE IN A CHANGING WORLD


to current and future climate conditions – many local governments have begun incorporating climate risk assessments into their urban planning processes. As one example, geographic information systems (GIS) data and climate models can be used to simulate the climate-related risks to people and infrastructure under different future land-use and climate change scenarios (Figure 33), and help urban planners avoid placing new developments in disaster-prone areas – or at least include some measures to reduce the disaster risks in these areas.


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Unfortunately, it is impossible to prevent all climate- related disasters. For this reason, high-tech monitoring systems are also being developed and used to help handle the complex and often unexpected situations that may arise. Following the earthquake, tsunami and nuclear triple disaster that occurred in Japan in 2011, for example, satellite imagery provided by the country’s space agency (JAXA) proved to be one of the best ways of assessing the damage around the Fukushima nuclear power plant because low-altitude aircraft were unable to fly in the area due to radiation risks.


Figure 33: Simulating the impacts of land-use changes on flooding Current land use


Future land use?


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