20


GLOBAL ENVIRONMENT OUTLOOK FOR YOUTH IN ASIA AND THE PACIFIC


Mangroves • Shoreline protecttion


SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE


• Sundarbans contain the world's largest


coastal mangrove forest, and are home to the rare Bengal Tiger


CURRENT STATUS


• Mangroves roots and organic matter in man- groves trap sediments and act as sponges, absorbing flood water


BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE


• Important food source for green


• More than 1.2 million hectares of mangrove


forrest in Asia Pacific have been converted to aquaculture ponds


• Competition for land use driven


by aquaculture and agriculture infrastructure and tourism


CURRENT STATUS


MAJOR TREATS


• Losses attributed to waste water


discharge, untreated sewage, shrimp farms, trawlers and the use of dragnets


turtles and dugongs


BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE


• In the Asia-Pacific countries, there has


been an elevated rate of seagrass loss and depletion, data is available


MAJOR TREATS


Seagrasses


• Many commercially important fish use


SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE


seagrass meadows as nursery grounds


SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC IMPORTANCE


• Serve as a bank of genetic resources


that can be drawn upon for medicine and biotechnology


Coral reefs


• Nearly 30 million of the poorest people


• SCUBA diving tourism


in the world depend entirely on coral reefs for their food


BIOLOGICAL IMPORTANCE


CURRENT STATUS


• Most pervasive threats affecting


the health of coral reefs are destructive fishing, overfishing, eutrophication and sedimentation


• More than 95% of coral reefs in Asia and the


Pacific are at risk and threat levels have escalated dramatically over the last decade


MAJOR TREATS


Figure 10. An overview of significant coastal and marine systems’ ecological benefits to people’s well-being, as well as their current status and major threats


Sources: Gisen et al. 2006; Wikinson 2008; Burke et al. 2011; UNEP 2006, 2016


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