CHAPTER 2: CIRCLE OF LIFE
protected areas in the region, such as a number of the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN) Heritage Sites, consist of pristine forests and other terrestrial landscapes, distinct from human-modified habitats. However, this classification of protected area has gradually transitioned into socio-ecological production landscapes and seascapes (SEPLS) characterized by a diversity of land uses that offer more options and opportunities for local sustainability (Cumming 2011). These are multi-functional landscapes,
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which are essential for community wellbeing and inherently resilient to external shocks and stresses from long-term interactions between nature and people (Takeuchi 2016). The concept of SEPLS is related to the concept of community forestry in Lao PDR, Myanmar, and Thailand, the main objectives of which are to
1. improve local livelihoods; 2. reduce deforestation and improve forest quality; and 3. strengthen good governance.
Did you know?
In Japan, a place where nature and people exist in harmony is called Satoyama. You can view a case study showing how homegardens can be resilient agro-ecosystems and offer multi-functional uses at:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PtF0R2JXAQ8 A video link
Box 5: Homegardens – special food production systems
A study in Bangladesh, India and Sri Lanka showed that between 1961 and 2010 the composition of homegardens had not changed despite evidence of climate change (APN, 2010). Homegarden ecosystems seem to be resilient to climate change due to the use of efficient and effective adaptation strategies by gardeners. These enabled gardeners to maintain diversity and rely on their produce for household food security. Their strategies include changing planting dates, use of traditional agronomic practices, use of soil and water conservation measures and irrigation technology as well as planting new vegetable varieties. Homegardens house a lot of species in relatively small areas and have complex structures which play an important role in biodiversity conservation including soil animals, insects and birds. In Japan, homegardens facilitate a food sharing culture which contributes to enhancing resilience against socio-economic changes and natural disasters (Saito et al. 2018).
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