Result: What Happens?


On the white card there appears an image of the lamp, but upside down. Because …


… the light from the table lamp enters through the hole of the black card and becomes refracted through the bowl of the water, which works like a lens. When the refracted light shines on the white card it reproduces an image of the lamp, but upside down.


How Our Eyes Work


The pupil in our eye works like the hole in the card. It lets in the luminous light reflected by objects. On the inside of the eye, the light ray meets the crystalline lens (represented in the experiment by the bowl full of water) which works as convex lens and brings the rays together to pass through it. These rays then strike the retina at the back of the eye. This is a sort of screen on which the image is projected, but smaller and upside down. (In the experiment, the retina is represented by the white card.) Why are the images upside down? Because the ray of light which enter through the pupil travel in a straight line. As they converge through the crystalline lens, they cross over, changing their positions. But our brains ‘straighten them up’ through the impulses of the optic nerve at the back of the eye so that we see the image correctly.


The images of illuminated objects become projected on to the inside of the eye through the pupil.


cillary muscle eyelashes sclera lens caruncle cornea iris optic nerve pupil sclera vitreous humour pupil blood vessels


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