The presence of hBN-particles had no impact on the breakdown voltage when added at a base oil.
Knowing that there is a positive impact on copper corrosion and no impact on electrical properties reduces concerns to deploy the hBN-based additive in a fluid for a directly cooled e-transmission. Also, the friction reduction properties in boundary and mixed regime of the hBN-based additive seen in MTM measurements is confirmed. At low speeds there is up to 10% reduction of gear box losses at 80°C over the entire torque regime of the hBN-based e-driveline fluid compared to the fluid without hBN measured in a directly cooled e-transmission (figure 4). Further directly cooled e-transmission testing is planned to show long-term stability of the particulate system in relevant applications.
Since this considerably new technology creates opaque fluids, intensive no-harm testing for this is still recommended. However, the concerns that such a new technology could face are definitely overruled by its enormous performance potential.
In conclusion, this shelf-stable hBN-based additive can contribute to e-drive formulation performance and help protect hardware componentry in an e-transmission.
References [1] Spikes, H, 2015, “Friction Modifier Additives”, Tribol. Lett., 60:5
[2] Dai, W, 2016, “Roles of nanoparticles in oil lubrication”, Tribology International 102 (2016) 88-98
[3] According to the two JRC Science for Policy Reports (EUR 29647 and EUR 29942): Guidance on the implementation of the Commission Recommendation 2022/C 229/01 on the definition of nanomaterial
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Figure 4: Gear box losses reduction in a directly cooled e-transmission at 80 °C of the hBN-based additive in a formulated e-driveline fluid compared to the fluid w/o hBN
When considering particle dispersions, it is important to determine the dispersion stability, particle sizes, sedimentation, and filtration behaviour. The particle size of the hBN-based additive is in the range of 300-400 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering. The developed dispersion technology prevents sedimentation of the particles over a period of more than 12 months (picture 1). Also, there is no filter blocking observed in relevant cyclic filtration tests with heat treatment. In these tests no particle concentration loss was detected and the tribological performance after heat treatment and storage of the fluid over months was retained.
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Picture 1: Pictures after 12 months of storage without movement in Gr III base oil (4 cSt at 100°C)
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LUBE MAGAZINE NO.176 AUGUST 2023
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