METALWORKING FLUIDS
Metalworking fluids and industrial lubricants based on novel rapeseed oil varieties
Boris Zhmud,(1) Natalia Stawniak,(1) (1)Nuspec Oil, York, UK; (2) Stefano Ressel (2) Uveol, Milano, Italy
Rapeseed oil has a broad range of applications in the lubricant industry [1]. It is also a convenient raw material for manufacturing many oleochemicals and formulating different classes of bio-lubricants. For example, rapeseed oil is used to produce alkyl esters such as isobutyl oleate, ethylhexyl oleate and trimethylolpropane (TMP) trioleate. Apart from being biodegradabe and non-toxic, such esters have better property consistency and also lower pour point than rapeseed oil, making them more suitable for the use in lubricants.
Today, nearly all leading lubricant manufacturers include biobased products in their portfolio, reflecting a worldwide trend towards sustainable and eco-friendly products. Primary sustainability goals include improved performance, improved microbial stability, improved longevity, and reduced environmental impact. We are proud to collaborate with The Centre for Metal Cutting Research at Chalmers University, Sweden, to evaluate new categories of biolubricants and metalworking fluids (MWFs).
The chief advantage of reducing the content of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) in rapeseed oil is that its oxidation stability and response to antioxidants greatly improve (cf Table 1 and Figure 1).
Polymerisation of rapeseed oil (PRO) can be used to increase viscosity upto ISO VG 3200. Blown rapeseed oil and plasma-polymerised rapeseed oil have been on the market for over a century [2,3]. Nuspec
Table 1: Properties of NUSPEC high-oleic low polyunsaturated (HOLP) and high-erucic low polyunsaturated (HELP) rapeseed oil compared to conventional food grade (‘00 - low-erucic, low-glucosinolate varieties of rapeseed) and industrial grade high-erucic (HEAR) oils.
Continued on page 11 LUBE MAGAZINE NO.174 APRIL 2023 9
proprietary sonochemical polymerisation process offers a significantly better energy efficiency compared to the aforesaid classical methods. Nuspec Elevation range of polymerised rapeseed oil covers viscosity grades from ISO VG 68 to ISO VG 460. One distinctive feature of the sonochemical method is that it uses a sonic cavitation jet to trigger the polymerisation reactions. Due to extremely high shear forces in the jet, the technique can be used to disperse or emulsify some insoluble substances in the oil alongside the polymerisation process, with polymer molecules providing steric stabilisation of the dispersion/ emulsion formed. This feature can be used to produce stable dispersions of graphite, graphene, Teflon, and various inorganic nanoparticles in the oil. The process can also adapted to carry out cross-polymerisation of different molecules, as well as trans-esterification, amidation, hydrogenation and other reactions.
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