Rapeseed oil and polymerised rapeseed oil is also used with success in oils for stamping and fineblanking, especially for P+, P++ and P+++ categories.
Cubic boron nitride (CBN) highspeed grinding processes also benefit from using straight cutting oils with high lubricity, low smoke and low mist propensity. It has been demonstrated that, in high-speed grinding, the reduction in friction has a larger effect on process runnability and surface quality than cooling capability of the fluid. Hence, using straight oils in place of soluble oils helps reduce the maximum tool temperature by as much as 100-200°C. With specially formulated biobased cutting oils containing properly selected EP/AW additives and friction modifiers, the effect becomes even more pronounced. Grinding power and grinding wheel wear are reduced 10-20% compared to mineral oil while surface quality of the workpiece improves (see Figure 3). Bio-based lubricants are well suited for minimum quantity lubrication (MQL) [5].
Though not related to metalworking, one interesting application that benefits from the unique tribological properties of rapeseed and polymerised rapeseed oils are wellbore fluids. When drilling wells in earth, the wellbore fluid plays several important functions: it transmits hydraulic horsepower to the drilling apparatus, cools and lubricates the drilling bit, and suspends and transports away debris dislodged by the drilling process. Good lubricity of the drilling fluid is essential in order to reduce the torque on a rotating drill pipe caused by friction between the drill
Normal Grinding Force (N)
pipe and the wall of the well. Furthermore, from the environmental perspective, bio-degradability and low ecotoxicity are desirable in order to prevent soil and water contamination. These criteria can be met by using vegetable oils and bio-surfacants [6].
References:
[1] L. Honary, E. Richter, Biobased Lubricants and Greases – Technology and Products, Wiley, 2011. [2] D. Holde, Kohlenwasserstofföle und Fette, Springer, Berlin, 1933.
[3] M. Roegiers, H. Zhang, B. Zhmud, Elektrionized™ Vegetable Oils as Lubricity Components in Metalworking Lubricants, FME Transactions 36 (2008) 133. [4] A.F. Clarens, J.B. Zimmerman, H.R. Landis et al. Experimental comparison of vegetable and petroleum base oils in metalworking fluids using the tapping torque test, Proc. JUSFA: Japan-USA Symposium on Flexible Automation, July 19-21, 2004. [5] S.A. Lawal I.A. Choudhury, I.O. Sadiq, A. Oyewole, Vegetable oil based metalworking fluids research developments for machining processes: survey, applications and challenges, Manufacturing Rev. 1 (2014) 22.
[6] A. Ismail, M. Miswan, Performance Study of Vegetable Oils as Environmental Friendly Drilling Fluid, South East Asian Technical University Consortium Symp., 2012.
www.nuspec-oil.com
www.uveol.com
Figure 3: Comparison of the normal grinding force required to provide a desired feed rate in high speed CBN grinding of 100Cr6 steel when using conventional petroleum-based cutting fluids (SN60 and SN100) and ethylhexyl laurate ester-based cutting fluid (EHL) with the following EP/AW additives: ADTP = ashless dithiophosphate; SFAE = sulphurised fatty acid ester; BIL = boron containing ionic liquid.
LUBE MAGAZINE NO.174 APRIL 2023
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