SUSTAINABILITY
rating. As of June 2022, all government hospitals and institutions under the FM contract have met the minimum certification requirement. At least 55 hospitals have managed to achieve the highest 3-Star rating offered by the energy standard. This has led to the national level recognition of several hospitals by the government through the national energy award (see Figure 1). Up to December 2021, the estimated
total monetary savings achieved from the SEMP programme is about RM210 million. This translates to 500 GWH electrical energy savings or about 360 kt reduced carbon emissions. MOH has been adopting strategic options in the carbon management hierarchy, starting from improving work process, being energy efficient, and moving towards using renewable or alternative energy sources. The green building initiative is an ongoing effort by MOH to decarbonise its healthcare facilities. The greening effort emphasises efficient use of building energy and water supply, the use of renewable energy, adopting waste reduction measures, enabling reuse and recycling practices, good indoor environment quality management, and consideration of environment in the design, construction, and operation of buildings. At present, there are already 14 government hospitals in Malaysia that have registered under the USGBC LEED green building certification program. The program provides a framework for hospitals to shift from ‘business as usual’ towards improving efficiency, lower carbon emissions, and creating healthier places for staff and patients. Four hospitals have been awarded LEED Gold certification, while another two hospitals have managed to achieve Platinum level under the globally recognised LEED standard (Figure 2). Hospital Langkawi was the first government hospital to register itself under the LEED green building certification program (existing building operation and maintenance category, EBOM) and received gold certification in 2020 (Figure 3). The hospital has set the pace and precedent for other government hospitals to pursue the green building pathway which is part of a 2030 MOH masterplan to decarbonise government healthcare facilities (Rahman, 2018). Prior to that, two private healthcare establishments have been certified green to regional Green Building Index (GBI) Malaysian green building certification system (Sahamir & Zakaria, 2014).
Energy projects MOH has implemented a significant number of energy projects to further decarbonise and reduce its carbon footprint. Major key energy projects include upgrading inefficient and aging chillers to magnetic bearing chillers or
IFHE DIGEST 2023
Figure 1. National level recognition of highly energy efficient government hospitals.
solar chillers, switching to LED lighting, installing solar thermal hot water systems, and small scale solar PV as well as solar tube chimneys for daylight harvesting. These energy projects were either carried out through conventional methods or through energy performance contracting (EPC) process. Figure 4 shows the first EPC project that was implemented in Hospital Teluk Intan in 2017. To date there are 11 completed energy projects and 32 EPC based projects while another
12 projects are still ongoing (ESD MOH, 2022). Figure 5 shows a solar hot water system that was commissioned in Hospital Miri Sarawak in 2020 (Imran et al., 2020). Apart from that, other mechanisms
Figure 2. One of the two Malaysian hospitals that managed to achieve Platinum level under the globally recognised LEED standard.
were also deployed to implement energy projects in healthcare facilities, such as utilising internal and external funds. An example of external funding was energy efficiency funding provided by the Malaysian Energy Ministry (MESTECC). MESTECC has been actively implementing energy efficiency (EE) projects in the country involving retrofit work of 50 government owned buildings including hospitals with EE technology worth RM200 million (Leoi, 2019). It has been widely accepted that hospital buildings have been identified as one of the highest energy users in the country (PEMANDU, 2010) which explains and justifies the scale of effort at national level to retrofit such buildings. Another approach to make available and expand the use of renewable energy in the healthcare sector is allowing independent energy providers (IPP) to build and operate facilities to generate electricity, particularly solar PV system (SPS), within hospital property boundaries and sell it to the hospital at a competitive
Figure 3. Hospital Sultanah Maliha Langkawi was the first hospital in Malaysia to achieve green building certification from the globally recognised LEED Standard.
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