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PROCESSING | REACTIVE COMPOUNDING Coperion says its ZSK Mc18 twin screw extruder


provides good performance in reactive compounding applications


reactive compounding, in particular for the process- ing of polycondensates and polyaddition polymers. It says that precise temperature control and surface renewal rates are the main challenges in larger twin screw extruders when used for such reactions. The company reports new application areas for reactive compounding emerging in a number of areas, including production of polyamides and thermoplastic polyurethanes and has developed special designs for


can provide a 3-lobe machine of different machine sizes and output rates.” One of the emerging areas of reactive


extrusion identified by Fiedler is production of TPE-Vs – thermoplastic elastomers comprising a cross-linked rubber component – which are increasingly replacing rubber and PVC because they do not require critical plasticisers. “The cross-linking and dispersion of the EPDM (ethyl- ene-propylene-diene-monomer) and the mixing of often large quantities of plasticisers of up to 40% demands twin screw extruders with an average process length L/D ratio of 56,” he says. Fiedler says the company’s twin screw extruders and feeding technologies provide a highly versatile solution for TPE-V production. “The same machine set-up can handle low and high viscosities, includ- ing Shore A values of 0–5 and up to Shore D values of 40,” he says. “EPDM can be handled in pellet form, as well as in bale form, by using a particular cutting and feeding device. In addition, the barrels of the ZSK Mc18


are optimised for highly efficient


and precise temperature control by the use of heater cartridges and optimised cooling bores. We can also provide ‘neat liners’, which are designed for the highest level of cooling efficiency.” CPM Extrusion Group says that it is customising and adding new functions to its extruders for use in


Right: Cooling channel location in Coperion’s Kombi-barrel provides the ef- ficient tem- perature


management needed for reactive processing


PHOTO: COPERION


twin screw extruders offering barrel lengths of 72D for machines with screw diameters of 125 mm and above. In addition, it has modified the RingExtruder RE – developed and manufactured by recent CPM Extrusion Group addition Extricom – with machine lengths of 100D to provide better surface/volume ratios for temperature control and degassing performance. Spanish research organisation AIMPLAS is


formulating new bio-based and biodegradable polymers (PLA copolymers) from natural resources, including side-streams from forests and other non-food feedstocks, through the framework of the European project BioRefine 2G. “AIMPLAS is developing novel chemical routes to synthesise PLA copolymers by reactive extrusion at pilot plant scale in a twin screw extruder to replace polyole- fins in packaging applications,” says Miguel Ángel Valera, Compounding Department Researcher. “In a first stage, different grades of PLA with a molecular weight of up to 180,000 da were obtained depending on the ratio of initiator, catalyst, monomer, processing conditions and screw configuration. In a second stage, PLA copolymers with diacid-based polyesters were obtained in a single reactive extrusion step. By controlling the monomers ratio and reaction conditions, highly flexible PLA copolymers with molecular weights of up to 100,000 da were obtained. In parallel, AIMPLAS is also working in different projects to develop thermoplastic polyurethanes (TPUs) and polyamide copolymers by reactive extrusion,” Valera explains. Recently, AIMPLAS commenced participation in


the European project PERCAL. This has received funding from the Bio-Based Industries Joint Under- taking under the European Union’s Horizon 2020 Research and Innovation programme. Its aim is to develop intermediate chemical products that would be of interest to industrial manufacturers – such as bioethanol, lactic acid and succinic acid –, at high yields and purity levels from the organic fraction of municipal solid waste. Among other applications,


28 COMPOUNDING WORLD | September 2017 www.compoundingworld.com


PHOTO: COPERION


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