ADDITIVES | MINERAL FILLERS
viscosity. Imerys also says that use of its GCC-A grade reduced moisture absorption compared to conventional GCC, which results in reduced hydrolysis of the PLA.
Another Imerys study compared the addition of
Figure 1: Spider chart showing the effect on key properties of adding 20% of two different Imerys ground calcium carbonate (GCC) fillers to a PLA cast film formulation (Ingeo 2003D from Natureworks) Source: Imerys
20% GCC and three HAR minerals — kaolin, wollastonite and mica — to an injection-moulding grade of bio-PBS. The addition of the HAR minerals showed more improvement in flexural and tensile modulus and dimensional stability (Figure 2). The company says the notched izod impact of PBS, which is already relatively low, was reduced slightly by adding filler but the HAR minerals, which are highly lamellar, improved thermal and barrier properties.
Modifying bioplastics Quarzwerke Group’s HPF The Mineral Engineers division has previously conducted several studies using its high-performance mineral fillers in PLA and found that needle-shaped types such as long-needled wollastonite and platelet-shaped additives such as mica significantly increased stiffness, while block-shaped additives such as short-needled wollastonite improved impact strength, according to Thorsten Hilgers, Project Manager Thermoplastics in the Product Develop- ment Department at the company. Increased use of bio-based plastics and mineral
Figure 2: Spider chart showing the effect of adding 20% of ground calcium carbonate and three high aspect ration mineral fillers — kaolin, wollastonite and mica — to an injection-moulding grade of bio-based PBS Source: Imerys
fillers are seen as ways to reduce carbon footprint; another is through mechanical recycling of all kinds of plastics. However, one of the challenges in using post-consumer recycled (PCR) plastics, Hilgers says, is the odour profile of PCR. HPF has developed its Rescofil odour absorbing
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