NUTRITION ▶▶▶
Canola meal in pig diets: Inroads around the world
Because canola meal is high in protein and acreage of the crop has increased in Europe, Canada, the US and Australia, the feed ingredient has made strong inroads into the diets of many livestock species, especially dairy cattle and swine.
BY TREENA HEIN, CORRESPONDENT T
aking a look back at the history of canola meal use, Dr Rex Newkirk notes that decades ago it contained enough glucosinolates to cause feed intake con- cerns, but breeding of the crop has reduced the level
to almost nothing. According to Newkirk, who is associate pro- fessor at the University of Saskatchewan in Canada and that province’s Ministry of Agriculture Endowed Research Chair in Feed Processing Technology, it’s quite well known around the world that today’s canola meal has no palatability issues. Breeding, along with improved agronomic practices and pro- cessing methods, has also greatly boosted its consistency. However, Newkirk notes that “I think there is still some cau- tion required regarding meal from some regions [of the world] where canola meal and rapeseed meal are not segre- gated effectively”. He adds that “a common issue that seems to hold back growth [of its use] in some of the traditional soy- bean markets, such as Asia, is the colour.” Canola meal makes for darker diets than those made primarily with corn and soy- bean, but he notes that as experience with canola meal is gained, colour typically becomes a non-issue.
Used pretty extensively in swine According to Newkirk, canola meal is used pretty extensively in swine in regions where it’s produced, such as Western Can- ada, Australia and Europe. He adds that in Canada, “a reasona- ble portion of our swine and poultry production on the Can- adian Prairies is on Hutterite colonies, and they tend to make pretty extensive use of canola meal, especially if they crush their own seed.” University of Illinois professor Dr Hans Stein notes that re- search over the last ten years in the US and Canada has con- cluded that canola meal can fully replace soybean meal in diets for growing and finishing pigs and also for sows without
34 ▶PIG PROGRESS | Volume 36, No. 10, 2020
reductions in animal performance. (According to the Canola Council of Canada [CCC], except for lysine, canola meal pro- vides an amino acid balance that targets a pig’s required ami- no acid profile better than any other plant protein.) However, usage of canola meal in the US pig industry “is real- ly low”, says Stein, “because we have soybean meal (SBM) eas- ily available and, with the exception of a few states (Minneso- ta, North Dakota), canola meal is more expensive because we only crush soybeans and not canola. There is a little bit of canola grown in Minnesota and North Dakota and they crush those seeds there, but most of the meal goes into dairy feed rather than pig feed. If you want to use canola meal in many parts of the US, you need to pay for trucking it from far away and that increases the cost. So, it’s an economic decision to use SBM more than it is a nutritional decision.” Dr Denise Beaulieu, assistant professor at University of Sas- katchewan, notes that canola meal can also cost more than SBM because of its lower energy content. “Research has demonstrated that if we formulate our rations using the net energy system and standardised ileal digestible amino acids, performance can be maintained when canola meal is substi- tuted for SBM,” she explains. “However, utilising least-cost for- mulation, canola meal must be priced between 60% and 70% of the cost of SBM to come into our rations.”
Research roundup Research conducted in 2019 by the University of Alberta and by the Alberta government’s Ministry of Agriculture and For- estry showed that there was very minimal variation in the Standardized Ileal Digestibility (SID) for canola meal obtained from five canola meal processing plants in Canada in five dif- ferent geographic regions. The CCC has supported the deter- mination of SID values for both solvent-extracted and expel- ler-extracted meal in order to provide the feed industry with reliable values for diet formulation. A lesser used method of oil extraction, “cold pressed” extrac- tion, is similar to expeller meal. Brittany Dyck, CCC’s canola meal manager, points to a study published earlier this year in the Journal of Animal Feed Science and Technology by research- ers at South Dakota State University that provided values for cold-pressed expeller meal for pigs. Its SID value was quite close to the values for expeller canola meal in the most recent- ly published CCC Canola Meal Feeding Guide (it can be down- loaded in English, Spanish and Mandarin free of charge).
PHOTO: THE CANOLA COUNCIL OF CANADA
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