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of paired serum samples collected at an interval of three to four weeks. Interpretation of antibody titres can be challeng- ing in a vaccinated herd or due to concurrent circulation of different subtypes in one herd. Conclusively the direct (PCR) and indirect (ELISA, HA) detection of influenza infection should be combined. Currently licensed influenza vaccines in the EU are inactivated whole virus vaccines containing either two or three of the classical subtypes H1N1, H1N2 and H3N2 or the pandemic H1N1. Vaccination against influenza reduces clinical disease, virus shedding and transmission in infected animals.


Assessing reproductive performance It is interesting to look at a very recent study by Sophie Gum- bert and her team at the Clinic for Swine of the Ludwig-Maxi- milians University in Munich, Germany. This study investigat- ed the effect of pandemic influenza A infection on reproductive performance parameters in 137 commercial sow herds in Germany before and after implementation of additional vaccination with an influenza vaccine containing the pandemic strain H1N1. Production parameters of the sow herds were recorded for six months before implementation of the vaccine and six months after completion of primary vaccination. In total, 60,153 sows received two mass vaccinations at an in- terval of three weeks. The herd size of the farms ranged from 38 to 5,600 sows. Reduced reproductive performance was observed in almost 80% of the farms.


Improvement of reproduction parameters After vaccination the return to oestrus rate decreased in 74.8% of the farms with a mean reduction of 5.1%. Addition- ally, the abortion rate decreased significantly by an average of 1.8% in 57% of the farms, and the number of piglets born alive increased significantly in 70.4% of the farms by an


average of 0.6 piglets. Analysis of the pre-weaning mortality rate resulted in a significant average reduction of 2.29% in 49.6% of the farms. Concurrently, an increase of an average of 1.98 piglets weaned/sow/year was observed in 77.1% of the farms. The only assessed parameter that was not significantly affect- ed by vaccination was the number of stillborn piglets. Inter- estingly, infection with pandemic influenza took place throughout the year, which was also shown by previous stud- ies. The number of piglets weaned/sow/year was significantly higher in farms that were already vaccinating against the three classical influenza subtypes compared to farms that did not vaccinate against classical influenza prior to the implementation of the pandemic influenza vaccination. Thus, the results of the current study indicate improved con- ditions for piglet health in the farrowing unit when sows are vaccinated with both influenza vaccines.


The detection of the influenza virus on the udder skin of lactating sows is a good comple- mentary method in diagnostics.


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Jan Feb Mar Apr  Jun  Aug Sep Oct  Dec ▶PIG PROGRESS | Volume 36, No. 10, 2020 29


PHOTOS: DR JULIA STADLER


Number of farms


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