Air Monitoring 45
presence of hydrogen sulphide with a change in colour of the lead acetate tape. The specially calibrated optics inside the instrument can determine the H2
slight variations in the depth of the colour change.
While also available in portable form, this type of analyser is mostly stationary. Disadvantages of this method include its susceptibility to interference from sulphur dioxide (SO2
) as
well as low and high humidity. Dry conditions can cause the instrument to underreport results, while high humidity can cause the tape to become moist and the glass components to fog, causing the colour detected by the optic system to become distorted and increasing the risk of an inaccurate fi nal test result.
The lead acetate tapes are also a consumable item, adding to operating expenses. The tapes require replacement every one to four weeks or longer depending on the amount of tape on the roll, the frequency of sampling and the environment in which sampling is conducted. They also have a specifi c set shelf life and must be protected from humidity in the environment as well as other factors.
Other methods include electrochemical gas sensors. These consist of a sensor, counter, and reference electrode, which are contained in a housing with a gas-permeable membrane.
S concentration by detecting
An electrochemical reaction occurs when the gas reaches the working electrode. Although designed to identify a specifi c gas, most will also respond to gases other than the target gas, which can lead to the non-target gas masking the presence of the target gas.
A more modern approach is Tunable Diode Laser (TDL)-based methods, which operate by measuring the absorption of laser light as it travels through the gas being measured. Although capable of measuring several infrared absorbing gases in diffi cult process applications, they often rely on chemical scrubbing methods and an existing knowledge of the stream being measured to operate effectively.
Higher accuracy and lower costs
The drawbacks of conventional approaches have been largely overcome by newer solutions that combine high accuracy with ease of use and reliability. An example here is the ABB Sensi+ multi-contaminant analyzer for natural gas. Using a single analyzer element to detect H2
S, H2 O and CO2 , the Sensi+ saves
space, removes the need for multiple analyzers and simplifi es deployment, operation, and service.
The device uses off-axis integrated cavity output spectroscopy (OA-ICOS). This is a laser technique that increases the effective length of the laser beam to several kilometers compared to only a few meters for most TDL analyzers, allowing for a very low detection limit for target gases. For example, the device can achieve a minimal detectable change in H2
S of 0.2 ppm.
A response time of less than ten seconds ensures minimum product wastage and maximum uptime.
Summary
Accuracy, dependability, and easy serviceability are the watch words of pipeline operators seeking to analyse gas streams. The ABB Sensi+ is an example of a new breed of modern solutions that can be installed at almost any site to provide operators with a cost-effective answer to a major challenge.
References
[1] Hydrogen Sulfi de Corrosion: Its Consequences, Detection and Control
Author Contact Details Gary Egerton • ABB Limited • Address: ABB Limited, Howard Road, Eaton Socon, St Neots, Cambs, PE19 8EU, UK • Tel: +44 8706 006122 • Email:
enquiries.mp.uk@
gb.abb.com • Web:
www.abb.com/measurement
New indoor air quality, toxic gas, HVAC meter/monitor
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For More Info, email: email:
For More Info, email: email:
61020pr@reply-direct.com
WWW.ENVIROTECH-ONLINE.COM
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