40 Air Monitoring CEM FOR N2
O EMISSIONS CONTROL FROM AMMONIA-FIRED POWER GENERATION
Sustainable hydrogen and ammonia will be important power generation fuels in the future and are likely to progressively substitute natural gas. However, their emissions diff er to natural gas and introduce continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) challenges that must be addressed to avoid greenhouse gas emissions.
T
hese new fuels and their emissions monitoring requirements will lead to equipment development challenges for solutions providers. They will also create opportunities to serve the market with new gas analysers and CEM systems.
The role of hydrogen in grid balancing
Hydro, wind, and solar power can decarbonise electricity production, but their temporal variability or intermittency results in a mismatch between power supply and demand. Batteries can support grid balancing over very short durations, but they are less cost-effective over the long term.
Converting excess power to a molecular energy store such as hydrogen or ammonia during peak renewable power generation periods and then using the hydrogen or ammonia to generate power on a turbine to meet peak power demand will be one way of balancing the grid over longer durations.
International shipping of hydrogen hydrogen derivatives and LNG frame
Hydrogen blending with natural gas and pure hydrogen fi red gas turbines are being tested. Hanwha Energy tested 59.5% hydrogen blended with natural gas at their 80MWe gas turbine power plant in Daesan, South Korea. A 30% total NOx reduction was reported alongside a 22% reduction in CO2
emissions. Due to the relationship between H2 blend composition and CO2
emissions reduction, a high proportion of hydrogen is required to achieve signifi cant CO2
hydrogen on the turbine would be the goal.
The hydrogen to Magnum project in the Netherlands proposes to burn pure hydrogen on three Mitsubishi Power M701F 440MW power blocks on the Eemshaven Magnum power plant, operated by RWE. The project will integrate underground hydrogen storage in multiple salt caverns to enable very long duration energy storage for long term grid balancing.
IET SEPTEMBER / OCTOBER 2023 emissions reduction. Ultimately, pure
Ammonia as a transportable clean energy vector
Hydrogen is very diffi cult to transport in large quantities over long distances. Linking energy importers with locations with abundant renewable power that can produce large quantities of low-cost green hydrogen from electrolysis schemes or with CCS may require conversion of the hydrogen to ammonia, which is easier to transport by ship due to the high volumetric energy density of liquid ammonia.
Ammonia can be fi red on gas turbines using various power generation cycles. The ammonia fuelled combined cycle can approach the natural gas fi red IGCC effi ciency. An alternative cycle known as CGHT can marginally improve on the ammonia combined cycle to come very close to the natural gas fi red IGCC effi ciency. In the CGHT, ammonia is decomposed to hydrogen
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