30 Air Monitoring


Mass Spectrometer for Flare Gas


Combustion Monitoring


New rules for flare stack combustion from the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) set to take effect in early 2019 include additional monitoring and analysis requirements that make it necessary for refinery operators to quickly and accurately determine the heat values of flare stack gases.


Determining the heating values of vent gas is important because sufficient combustible material must be continuously present


to achieve high combustion efficiencies. To assist refiners in making that determination, AMETEK Process Instruments has developed the Dycor FlarePro quadrupole process mass spectrometer.


The FlarePro provides fast and accurate BTU content measurement, even when confronted with widely changing flare gas streams. Field testing has shown that the FlarePro mass spectrometer offers more detailed and relevant data faster than gas chromatography and provides BTU numbers that are equivalent to those provided by a calorimeter, but with greater specificity.


Many refiners already have gas chromatographs equipped to their gas flares, but they are slow with long cycle times that make them unsuitable for real-time control of vent gases. Calorimeters are widely used by refiners to determine the BTU value of fuel gas, but their effectiveness is limited when hydrogen and sulfur are present in the gas stream, which typically occurs with refinery flare gas.


The FlarePro helps prevent smoking flares from occurring by allowing refiners to determine the smoke index of a gas stream by identifying such components as paraffin, olefins, diolefins and aromatics, a measurement capability that calorimeters lack.


The FlarePro mass spectrometer was designed specifically for this application. The unit is able to monitor and quantity 16 components in flare gas streams, including H2


, N2 ,


methane, ethane, propane, n-butane, i-butane and pentanes among others.


The FlarePro uses ASTM method D 2650-04 (Standard Test Method for Chemical Composition of Gases by Mass Spectrometry) to calculate the concentrations of individual gas components. The resulting data is then converted into the flare gas heat value as described in ASTM D3588-98 (Standard Practice for Calculating Heat Value, Compressibility Factor and Relative Density of Gaseous Fuels).


The FlarePro’s stainless-steel enclosure has a 24-inch footprint that fits into the same space as a gas chromatograph. Its proprietary software provides for easy set-up, operation and calibration, combined with advanced alarm and automation capabilities. It’s modular design and self-diagnostic capabilities helps ensure ease of maintenance.


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Ministerial Support for Indian Emissions Monitoring Conference Reflecting the importance of climate change and


air pollution to the Indian Government, the CEM India 2017 Conference (26-28 Sept. New Delhi) will be opened by the Minister of Environment, Forest and Climate Change. The Minister will also deliver a presentation emphasising the role of monitoring in environmental protection. The Secretary to the Minister will deliver a keynote presentation on the second day of the event, and the Chairman of the Central Pollution Control Board (CPCB) will deliver the keynote presentation on the third and final day.


An international Exhibition will accompany the Conference, providing visitors with an opportunity to see the latest technologies and services from leading Indian and international providers.


As one of the world’s fastest growing economies and with the third highest level of carbon dioxide emissions, India has a vital role to play in the fight against climate change and air pollution. Recognising the critical role of monitoring in emissions management, the CPCB has adopted Continuous Emissions Monitoring Systems (CEMS) as the preferred method for measuring industrial emissions in India. The CPCB has initially directed plants in 17 categories of highly polluting industries to install CEMS for real-time monitoring and compliance with regulatory emissions limits.


The industry sectors affected by these new requirements include Aluminium, Cement, Chlor Alkali, Copper, Distilleries, Dying, Fertilizers, Iron & Steel, Oil Refineries, Pesticides, Petrochemical Plants, Pharmaceuticals, Power Plants, Pulp and Paper Mills, Sugar, Tanneries and Zinc. The parameters specified for continuous monitoring include Particulates, Hydrogen Fluoride, Ammonia, Sulphur Dioxide, NOx, Chlorine, Hydrogen Chloride, Carbon Dioxide and Carbon Monoxide.


India is taking a tough stance on the control of air pollution; in the space of just 5 months closure notices have been issued to around 500 industrial facilities that failed to install CEMS equipment. Following the implementation of the scheme across the initial 17 industry sectors it will be rolled out to other industrial processes.


Commenting on the Indian Government’s initiative, CEM India organiser Marcus Pattison says: “It is clear that major changes are underway in the management of industrial emissions in India, and international cooperation will play an important role. The Technical Committee of CEM India 2017 therefore includes leading experts from India in addition to highly knowledgeable and experienced individuals from the UK, USA and Germany.”


The themes of the CEM India 2017 Conference have been designed to provide representatives from Indian industries with help and guidance on a range of emissions monitoring related issues including: Regulations, Monitoring Guidelines, Manual and


Continuous Emission Monitoring, Calibration and Quality Control, Monitoring Techniques for Key Parameters and Data Management. A number of industrial case studies will also be provided.


Further information is available at www.CEMIndia.com For More Info, email:


Motorised Beam Expanders for Meteorological Systems


Optical Surfaces Ltd. is a leading supplier of variable focus motorised beam expanders for LIDAR systems used in meteorological applications.


An off-axis reflective beam expander greatly reduces the blind zone of LIDAR systems and therefore often offers the best solution to this problem. In LIDAR systems, such as Doppler Wind LIDAR, the wavefront performance of the beam expander is very important for the LIDAR efficiency.


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Variable focus motorised beam expanders from Optical Surfaces incorporate off-axis mirrors which provide an unobstructed output and highly efficient transmission. The reflective design of these beam expanders is achromatic and with aluminium coatings they can operate from UV to far IR without adjustment. Not only do Optical Surfaces beam expanders offer unmatched performance but they are also portable and can be used without the need for internal re-alignment - an important consideration in a LIDAR system.


Over the last 25 years - variable focus motorised beam expanders from Optical Surfaces Ltd have been designed for LIDAR systems used to provide reliable weather radars, measure local wind field phenomena and to map the dispersion of atmospheric pollution in built up city areas.


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The R. M. Young Company is proud to introduce the ResponseONE Weather Transmitter. The ResponseONE Weather Transmitter (Model 92000) measures five key meteorological variables with one compact instrument. It is ideal for many weather monitoring applications requiring accurate, reliable measurement. The sensor features durable, corrosion-resistant construction, very low power consumption and user-tailored digital output. Ultrasonic wind speed and direction, pressure, humidity and temperature sensors are carefully integrated in the streamlined package. A variety of useful serial output formats are provided including SDI-12, NMEA, and ASCII text.


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Applications for the ResponseONE include agricultural, industrial, transportation, power generation, air quality and institutional weather monitoring. The ResponseONE joins a proven line of meteorological instruments produced by YOUNG in the USA since 1964. YOUNG products are available worldwide via a network of nearly 100 suppliers.


IET May / June 2017 www.envirotech-online.com


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Weather Transmitter Measures Five Key Meteorological Variables with One Compact Instrument


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