MEASUREMENT & TESTING FFA Dosing
Once the decision has been made to begin using FFA, the primary focus shifts to establishing the optimal dosage. Usually FFAs are fed undiluted into feedwater through an automatic pump. When introducing FFA for the first time, it is recommended to start at a low dosage and gradually increase to the target dosage, which typically takes a minimum of 3 to 4 weeks. FFA/FFAP exert a moderate cleaning effect that can lift particulate deposits of iron and/or copper oxides within the system. These deposits should be monitored to assess the FFA cleaning period duration. The effect of the FFA dosage on the iron and copper must be compared to corrosion product control guidance published in the applicable boiler technical manual. Determining dosage levels should occur in conjunction with the chemical supplier to ensure that the product is compatible with the conditions and materials within the system. It is commonly found that no FFA will be detected in the condensate phase initially as the FFA will bond to the metal surfaces and not be freely circulating.
kept to a minimum when obtaining water samples. This means limiting sample transfer to a single container if possible; samples should be cooled to prevent flashing; sample lines should be flushed thoroughly before sampling; and sampling points should be representative of the system.
FFA Analysis
The two most common test methods for FFAs are methyl orange extraction and xanthene dye reaction. The methyl orange extraction method makes use of an organic solvent to extract the FFA to form a colored complex with the methyl orange. The xanthene reaction method utilizes a class of dyes (represented by Rose Bengal) that form a water-soluble colored complex with FFA. The FFA concentration is proportional to color intensity in both test methods. Commercially available test kits often express results in terms of common FFAs like ODA. For best accuracy, it is recommended that analysts determine a correction factor to express results in terms of the product specific FFA. Test kits that tolerate interference from ammonia or short chain amines and offer a wide measurement range to avoid dilution steps are preferable. Dilution can lead to a loss of FFA during sample transfer from one vessel to another which may affect test results.
CHEMetrics offers a Methyl Orange Filming Amine visual test kit, Cat. No K-1001, that can be used to verify residual FFA in a system in 3 minutes. This kit utilizes a unique extraction technique which eliminates several steps required in other procedures and provides increased sensitivity while limiting the extraction to a single extraction tube preventing FFA loss. If necessary, the measurement range can be extended by performing a dilution in the extraction tube provided in the test kit. Test results are expressed in ppm ODA. The color comparator increments are: 0, 0.05, 0.10, 0.15, 0.25, 0.50,1.0 ppm. Technical Support is available for customers who require assistance establishing a FFA correction factor.
FFA Sampling
Testing for FFA offers unique challenges as well. Since FFAs adhere to metallic, glass, and plastic surfaces, surface contact must be
For more information, refer to the CHEMetrics K-1001 Product webpage at:
https://www.chemetrics.com/product/filming- amine- aliphatic-amine-visual-test-kits/
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References
1. Hater, Wolfgang; Film_Forming Amines: An Innovative Technology for Boiler Water Treatment; The Analyst (Volume 22 Number 4)
2. The International Association for the Properties of Water and Steam; Technical Guidance Document: Application of Film Forming Amines in Fossil, Combined Cycle, and Biomass Power Plants; Sept. 2016.
3. Odar, Suat; Use of film forming amines (FFA) in nuclear power plants for lay-up and power operation; Advanced Nuclear Technology International, Sweden, Dec. 2017.
4. CHEMetrics Inc.; Version 4, Jun 2013, Film Amine (aliphatic amine) Methyl Orange Method Technical Data Sheet, Midland VA.
5. ASTM International, 1980, ASTM D 2327- 80, Mono- and Dioctadecylamines in Water, West Conshohocken, PA.
Author Contact Details CHEMetrics Inc. • 4295 Catlett Road, Midland, VA 22728, USA • Tel+800 356 3072 • Email:
technical@chemetrics.com • Web:
www.chemetrics.com
Mercury and Petrochemicals P S Analytical – Experience, Performance, Reliability and Support
The presence of mercury (Hg) in petrochemical samples is very bad news. Even at ultra-low concentrations mercury is corrosive to gas plant components and infrastructure, poisonous to expensive downstream precious metal catalysts and exposes workers to highly toxic workplace conditions.
It’s no wonder that petrochemical plants and refineries spend vast sums every year removing even small concentrations of Hg from their precious gas and liquid sample streams. It is also no wonder that they wish to maximise the efficiency of their Hg removal systems and to achieve this, highly accurate and sensitive monitoring and measurement of Hg is required. Sub part per trillion sensitivities is the normally requirement.
That’s where P S Analytical (PSA) comes in.
For over 35 years PSA has been at the forefront of trace Hg determinations. PSA partners with many companies to monitor and help manage this Hg removal process. This partnership happens from the research bench through to production with PSA taking a pivotal role in ensuring successful removal technologies are deployed in the real world.
PSA have analysers to suit all aspects of the monitoring and analysis of Hg, including laboratory instruments and on-line analysers for gases and liquids. More recently PSA have provided solutions for speciation (fractionation) analysis and also waste water systems associated with petrochemical processes.
Employing Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy as the means of detection the PSA analysers provide ultimate detection performance. With literally thousands of systems in the field today, and support networks in Europe, USA and SE Asia, PSA offers the ideal package of performance, reliability and support.
More information online:
ilmt.co/PL/ZaAv For More Info, email:
email: For More Info, email: email:
56889pr@reply-direct.com
ANNUAL BUYERS’ GUIDE 2022
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