Analytical Instrumentation
Suitable density meters with their features DMA 35 Ex Petrol DMA 1001
DMA 4100 M DMA 4500 M DMA 5000 M
Portable
Temperfect™ FillingCheck™ U-View™
Pulsed Excitation Method (see Infobox)
Gesture control Accuracy
� 0.001 g/cm3 0.0001 g/cm3 �
� � �
� � � �
�
0.0001 g/cm3 0.00005 g/cm3 0.0000007 g/cm3
Temperature range
ASTM standards Other standards
0 °C to 40 °C (32 °F to 104 °F)
D7777 IP 559
15 °C to 40 °C (59 °F to 104 °F)
D4052, D5002 ISO 12185
density measurements on intermediate products with a small benchtop density meter such as DMA 1001. This density meter is compliant with ASTM D4052 and D5002 and delivers 4-digit accuracy. It is one of the most straightforward density meters available which is small and robust while still providing a range of features to ensure reliable and reproducible results, even outside the traditional lab space.
Quality control on final products
Density measurement is required again before the distillated products are treated and blended, put into storage, and transported and traded to other companies for further processing and sale. Making sure the refined product meets all requirements of the specification is what counts. The correct classification, done via a measurement of API gravity, is the basis for converting the volume into mass and vice versa before sale. This is best done with a 5-digit density meter, such as a DMA 4500 M, or even a 6-digit DMA 5000 M. With 5-digit accuracy the mass per barrel of the final product will be known accurate to 1.59 g, providing a good base for a beneficial deal.
Checking the density of products directly at the terminal is another job for a handheld density meter such as the intrinsically safe DMA 35 Ex Petrol which has all relevant unit conversions stored in its software. Results are recorded and transferred to a PC or printer later on.
Author Contact Details
Author.Company Name in Bold • Address • T Dr. Barbara Klug-Santner, Anton Paar GmbH •el Anton-Paar • Web: In bold • Email: -Str. 20, 8054 Graz, Austria • Tel +43 316 257-0 • Email:
info@anton-paar.com • Web:
www.anton-paar.com
0 °C to 100 °C (32 °F to 212 °F)
D4052, D5002 ISO 12185
� �
� � 0.0002 g/cm³ Fig. 2: The sequence of excitation and fade-out is repeated continuously.
-10 °C to 200 °C (14 °F to 392 °F)
D4052, D5002, D8188 ISO 12185
Official certification of products requires a benchtop density meter under the steady environmental conditions of the laboratory to achieve the highest accuracy possible. Automating a digital density meter with a sample changer means measurements can be completed at night when everyone has gone home. Sample changers such as Xsample 630, which works with the DMA M series of density meters, cover a wide temperature range and allow measurements on a wide variety of products, including lubricants and waxes.
For converting volume to mass for the trading of bitumen/asphalt and other heavy petroleum products digital density measurement is a fast and accurate alternative to hydrometers and pycnometers. The DMA 4200 M density meter, for example, is a reliable tool for density measurement at elevated temperatures and pressures. It is compliant with both ASTM D4052, D5002, and the new ASTM 8188. This new ASTM method is an alternative to ASTM D70 and makes density checks on asphalt, asphalt binder, and bitumen 10 times faster and more accurate. The constant temperature control from the syringe to the inlet and outlet of DMA 4200 M ensures highly fluid bitumen/asphalt or residual fuel oil when filling.
With an additional filling device, DMA 4200 M can also be used to determine the density of LPG. A coupler is used to connect the container and fill liquefied propane, butane, and mixtures of these safely.
Fuel sold for use by ships should undergo a last quality check
before the delivery is accepted by the ship operator. Low-quality fuels will harm the motors so having a density meter on-board makes sense. A DMA 4500 M on the ship will allow quick checks on the fuel before final delivery. Conditions on-board have to be taken into consideration, especially the lack of space, vibrations, and movement. However, despite being a high-precision device, the DMA M density meters have a heavy countermass for the oscillating measuring cell to ensure that the rolling movement and vibrations from the ship do not affect the measurement. If the density results show that the quality of the fuel is sufficient, the delivery can be accepted and the ship’s tank filled.
An essential part of daily routines
The measurement of density and derived parameters such as API gravity is part of the work of tens of thousands of people every day in the crude oil and petroleum industry. Efficient measuring routines and precise and reliable results are provided by digital density measurement.
Pulsed Excitation Method
The Pulsed Excitation Method is patented (AT 516420 B1) and exclusively available from Anton Paar. With this method the U-tube is excited to oscillate and then the oscillation is allowed to fade out freely without being disturbed by external influences (see Fig. 1). The sequence of excitation and fade-out is repeated continuously. This results in:
• 3 times more information • 2 times better viscosity correction • Higher reproducibility • Higher repeatability
DMA 4200 M
19
Mercury and Petrochemicals P S Analytical –
Experience, Performance, Reliability and Support The presence of mercury (Hg) in petrochemical samples is very bad news. Even at ultra-low concentrations mercury is corrosive to gas plant components and infrastructure, poisonous to expensive downstream precious metal catalysts and exposes workers to highly toxic workplace conditions.
It’s no wonder that petrochemical plants and refineries spend vast sums every year removing even small concentrations of Hg from their precious gas and liquid sample streams. It is also no wonder that they wish to maximise the efficiency of their Hg removal systems and to achieve this, highly accurate and sensitive monitoring and measurement of Hg is required. Sub part per trillion sensitivities is the normally requirement.
That’s where P S Analytical (PSA) comes in.
For over 30 years PSA has been at the forefront of trace Hg determinations. PSA partners with many companies to monitor and help manage this Hg removal process. This partnership happens from the research bench through to production with PSA taking a pivotal role in ensuring successful removal technologies are deployed in the real world.
PSA have analysers to suit all aspects of the monitoring and analysis of Hg, including laboratory instruments and on-line analysers for gases and liquids. More recently PSA have provided solutions for speciation (fractionation) analysis and also waste water systems associated with petrochemical processes.
Employing Atomic Fluorescence Spectroscopy as the means of detection the PSA analysers provide ultimate detection performance. With literally thousands of systems in the field today, and support networks in Europe, USA and SE Asia, PSA offers the ideal package of performance, reliability and support.
More information online:
ilmt.co/PL/OdoD For More Info, email:
email: For More Info, email:
47985pr@reply-direct.com ANNUAL BUYERS GUIDE •
WWW.PETRO-ONLINE.COM
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