14
grant), Capital District Health Authority Foundation, Infectious Diseases CME for Family Physicians (October 2013), <$10,000, Optimer Pharmaceuticals Canada, Merck Canada, ViiV Healthcare Canada, BMS Canada, Gilead Sciences (unrestricted grant), Atlantic Canada HIV Education (September 2012), >$25,000, and activity with PHAC Working Group for IC (Chair of Guidelines for HCW Infected with a Bloodborne Pathogen), CJIDMM (Associate Editor), IDSA (influenza guideline panel, SHEA), CPSNS (Chair), ad hoc Committee on BBP. D.P. reports activity with Extended National Faculty (SHEA faculty stipend for HRET/AHA CUSP). R.P. reports activity with APSF (Board of Directors) and Anesthesia and Analgesia (A&A) Editorial Board. All other authors report nothing to disclose.
Supplementary material. To view supplementary material for this article, please visit
https://doi.org/10.1017/ice.2018.303
References
1. SHEA. The Society for Healthcare Epidemiology of America (SHEA) Handbook for SHEA-Sponsored Guidelines and Expert Guidance Documents, 2017.
http://www.shea-online.org/images/docs/ 2017_Handbook.pdf. Published 2017. Accessed January 2017.
2. Biddle C, Shah J. Quantification of anesthesia providers’ hand hygiene in a busy metropolitan operating room: what would Semmelweis think? Am J Infect Control 2012;40:756–759.
3. Munoz-Price LS, Riley B, Banks S, Eber S, Arheart K, Lubarsky DA, et al. Frequency of interactions and hand disinfections among anesthesiolo- gists while providing anesthesia care in the operating room: induction versus maintenance. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35:1056–1059.
4. Munoz-Price LS, Patel Z, Banks S, Arheart K, Eber S, Lubarsky DA, et al. Randomized crossover study evaluating the effect of a hand sanitizer dispenser on the frequency of hand hygiene among anesthesiology staff in the operating room. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35:717–720.
5. Petty WC. Closing the hand hygiene gap in the postanesthesia care unit: a body-worn alcohol-based dispenser. J Perianesth Nurs 2013;28:87–93.
6. Koff MD, Loftus RW, Burchman CC, et al. Reduction in intraoperative bacterial contamination of peripheral intravenous tubing through the use of a novel device. Anesthesiology 2009;110:978–985.
7. Koff MD, Brown JR, Marshall EJ, et al. Frequency of hand decontamina- tion of intraoperative providers and reduction of postoperative healthcare-associated infections: a randomized clinical trial of a novel hand hygiene system. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2016;37:888–895.
8. Birnbach DJ, Rosen LF, Fitzpatrick M, Carling P, Arheart KL, Munoz- Price LS. Double gloves: a randomized trial to evaluate a simple strategy to reduce contamination in the operating room. Anesth Analg 2015;120:848–852.
9. Birnbach DJ, Rosen LF, Fitzpatrick M, Carling P, Arheart KL, Munoz- Price LS. A new approach to pathogen containment in the operating room: sheathing the laryngoscope after intubation. Anesth Analg 2015;121:1209–1214.
10. Gadalla F, Fong J. Improved infection control in the operating room. Anesthesiology 1990;73:1295.
11. National Fire Protection Association. NFPA 101: Life Safety Code. NFPA catalog website.
https://catalog.nfpa.org/NFPA-101-C3317.aspx. Published 2012. Accessed October 24, 2018.
12. Boyce JM, Pearson ML. Low frequency of fires from alcohol-based hand rub dispensers in healthcare facilities. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2003;24:618–619.
13. Kramer A, Kampf G. Hand rub-associated fire incidents during 25,038 hospital-years in Germany. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2007;28:745–746.
14. Guidance on personal protective equipment (PPE) to be used by healthcare workers during management of patients with confirmed ebola or persons under investigation (PUIs) for Ebola who are clinically unstable or have bleeding, vomiting, or diarrhea in US hospitals, including procedures for donning and doffing PPE 2015. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website.
https://www.cdc.gov/vhf/ebola/health- care-us/ppe/
guidance.html. Published 2015. Accessed October 25, 2018.
L. Silvia Munoz-Price et al
15. Gao P, Horvatin M, Niezgoda G, Weible R, Shaffer R. Effect of multiple alcohol-based hand rub applications on the tensile properties of thirteen brands of medical exam nitrile and latex gloves. J Occup Environ Hyg 2016;13:905–914.
16. Lowman W, Venter L, Scribante J. Bacterial contamination of re-usable laryngoscope blades during the course of daily anaesthetic practice. S Afr Med J 2013;103:386–389.
17. Muscarella LF. Reassessment of the risk of healthcare-acquired infection during rigid laryngoscopy. J Hosp Infect 2008;68:101–107.
18. Inadequate reprocessing of semicritical instruments: recommendations for reprocessing of rigid laryngoscopes. California Department of Health and Human Services website.
www.cdph.ca.gov/pubsforms/guidelines/ documents/inadequatereprocessingofrigidlaryngoscopes.pdf. Published 2007. Accessed October 25, 2018.
19. Howell V, Thoppil A, Young H, Sharma S, Blunt M, Young P. Chlorhexidine to maintain cleanliness of laryngoscope handles: an audit and laboratory study. Eur J Anaesthesiol 2013;30:216–221.
20. Maslyk PA, Nafziger DA, Burns SM, Bowers PR. Microbial growth on the anesthesia machine. AANA J 2002;70:53–56.
21. Baillie JK, Sultan P, Graveling E, Forrest C, Lafong C. Contamination of anaesthetic machines with pathogenic organisms. Anaesthesia 2007;62:1257–1261.
22. Loftus RW, Koff MD, Burchman CC, et al. Transmission of pathogenic bacterial organisms in the anesthesia work area. Anesthesiology 2008;109:399–407.
23. Loftus RW, Koff MD, Brown JR, et al. The epidemiology of Staphylococcus aureus transmission in the anesthesia work area. Anesth Analg 2015;120:807–818.
24. Loftus RW, Brown JR, Patel HM, et al. Transmission dynamics of gram- negative bacterial pathogens in the anesthesia work area. Anesth Analg 2015;120:819–826.
25. Loftus RW, Koff MD, Brown JR, et al. The dynamics of Enterococcus transmission from bacterial reservoirs commonly encountered by anesthesia providers. Anesth Analg 2015;120:827–836.
26. Yokoe DS, Anderson DJ, Berenholtz SM, et al. A compendium of strategies to prevent healthcare-associated infections in acute care hospitals: 2014 updates. Infect Control Hosp Epidemiol 2014;35:967–977.
27. Moureau NL, Flynn J. Disinfection of needleless connector hubs: clinical evidence systematic review. Nurs Res Pract 2015:796762.
28. United States Pharmacopeia (USP) and the National Formulary (NF). General Chapter <797> Pharmaceutical Compounding. Sterile Pre- parations. USP website.
http://www.usp.org/compounding/general- chapter-797. Published 2008. Accessed October 24, 2018.
29. Gargiulo DA, Sheridan J, Webster CS, et al. Anaesthetic drug administration as a potential contributor to healthcare-associated infections: a prospective simulation-based evaluation of aseptic techniques in the administration of anaesthetic drugs. BMJ Qual Saf 2012;21:826–834.
30. Hemingway CJ, Malhotra S, Almeida M, Azadian B, Yentis SM. The effect of alcohol swabs and filter straws on reducing contamination of glass ampoules used for neuroaxial injections. Anaesthesia 2007;62:286–288.
31. O’Grady NP, Alexander M, Burns LA, et al. Summary of recommenda- tions: Guidelines for the Prevention of Intravascular Catheter-related Infections. Clin Infect Dis 2011;52:1087–1099.
32. Hall JR. Blood contamination of anesthesia equipment and monitoring equipment. Anesth Analg 1994;78:1136–1139.
33. Loftus RW, Brown JR, KoffMD, et al. Multiple reservoirs contribute to intraoperative bacterial 2012;114:1236–1248.
transmission.
34. Loftus RW, Koff MD, Birnbach DJ. The dynamics and implications of bacterial transmission events arising from the anesthesia work area. Anesth Analg 2015;120:853–860.
35. Fukada T, Iwakiri H, Ozaki M. Anaesthetists’ role in computer keyboard contamination in an operating room. J Hosp Infect 2008;70:148–153.
36. Link T, Kleiner C, Mancuso MP, Dziadkowiec O, Halverson-Carpenter K. Determining high touch areas in the operating room with levels of contamination. Am J Infect Control 2016;44:1350–1355.
Anesth Analg
Page 1 |
Page 2 |
Page 3 |
Page 4 |
Page 5 |
Page 6 |
Page 7 |
Page 8 |
Page 9 |
Page 10 |
Page 11 |
Page 12 |
Page 13 |
Page 14 |
Page 15 |
Page 16 |
Page 17 |
Page 18 |
Page 19 |
Page 20 |
Page 21 |
Page 22 |
Page 23 |
Page 24 |
Page 25 |
Page 26 |
Page 27 |
Page 28 |
Page 29 |
Page 30 |
Page 31 |
Page 32 |
Page 33 |
Page 34 |
Page 35 |
Page 36 |
Page 37 |
Page 38 |
Page 39 |
Page 40 |
Page 41 |
Page 42 |
Page 43 |
Page 44 |
Page 45 |
Page 46 |
Page 47 |
Page 48 |
Page 49 |
Page 50 |
Page 51 |
Page 52 |
Page 53 |
Page 54 |
Page 55 |
Page 56 |
Page 57 |
Page 58 |
Page 59 |
Page 60 |
Page 61 |
Page 62 |
Page 63 |
Page 64 |
Page 65 |
Page 66 |
Page 67 |
Page 68 |
Page 69 |
Page 70 |
Page 71 |
Page 72 |
Page 73 |
Page 74 |
Page 75 |
Page 76 |
Page 77 |
Page 78 |
Page 79 |
Page 80 |
Page 81 |
Page 82 |
Page 83 |
Page 84 |
Page 85 |
Page 86 |
Page 87 |
Page 88 |
Page 89 |
Page 90 |
Page 91 |
Page 92 |
Page 93 |
Page 94 |
Page 95 |
Page 96 |
Page 97 |
Page 98 |
Page 99 |
Page 100 |
Page 101 |
Page 102 |
Page 103 |
Page 104 |
Page 105 |
Page 106 |
Page 107 |
Page 108 |
Page 109 |
Page 110 |
Page 111 |
Page 112 |
Page 113 |
Page 114 |
Page 115 |
Page 116 |
Page 117 |
Page 118 |
Page 119 |
Page 120 |
Page 121 |
Page 122 |
Page 123 |
Page 124 |
Page 125 |
Page 126 |
Page 127 |
Page 128 |
Page 129 |
Page 130 |
Page 131 |
Page 132 |
Page 133 |
Page 134 |
Page 135 |
Page 136
