Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology
between clinicians and HFE experts with dedicated time for in- depth, rich, and systematic analyses of work systems and their underlying culture.15,17 Although workshops and short courses are available to learn basics of human factors, it should be recognized that for an individual to be a human factors expert, they must complete a master’s or PhD degree, typically in the fields of industrial and systems engineering or psychology. Hence, we recommend that LTCF clinical and quality improvement leaders should develop collaborations with human factors experts who work as researchers in academia or who work as practi- tioners increasingly in large academic healthcare centers or in private industry. Cultivation of this collaboration will allow for interventions specifically defined for the complex LTCF setting, an area that is poorly understood, with significant and urgent need for systematic redesign.
Acknowledgments. We thank Nimalie Stone, Shannon Novosad, Kara Jacobs Slifka, and Elizabeth Wilkins at the CDC for their guidance and sup- port of this work.
Financial support. M.K. received salary support from the CDC (grant no. 200-2018-96313) and from the AHRQ (grant no. HHSP2332015000201). A.G. received salary support from the CDC (grant no. 200-2018-96313), and from the AHRQ, the NICHD, and the PCORI. She has speaking arrangements with the Brazilian Patient Safety Foundation and the Center for Healthcare Design.
Conflicts of interest. Both authors report no conflicts of interest relevant to this article.
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