Kelly and Nel—Revision of some Mesozoic Odonata from England and Antarctica 92(6):1035–1048 1047


Because these are isolated wings, it is impossible to ascertain whether they belong to the same species without a specimen that preserves both fore- and hindwings together. Moreover, the forewing was found to be very similar to the holotype of L. withersi, which is described from a forewing. The only real difference is an aberration in the anal area of the holotype and a size difference that is not sufficient to split them into separate species, so the forewing previously attributed to L. batheri is herein transferred to L. withersi. This leaves only the hindwing holotype of L. batheri, which is not of sufficient preservation for description and so the species is herein considered nomen dubium.


Two species—Liassophlebia (?) clavigaster and L. (?)


hopei—were described from isolated abdominal segments. However, liassophlebiid higher taxonomy is described from isolated wings and there are yet to be any specimens described with both wing and abdomenal characters, so it is impossible to attribute isolated abdomens to the same taxa. The taxonomy of these specimens is not clear higher than family level because members of Stenophlebiidae also have apically widened abdo- mens similar to L. (?) clavigaster; it is therefore not yet possible to attribute these fossils to a precise higher group (e.g., Ste- nophlebiomorpha, Heterophlebioptera, etc.). Taxonomic revision of historical collections is important


because it increases our understanding of past diversity and allows us to better reconstruct palaeoentomofaunas. There are also implications for our understanding of insect phylogenies because several of the species described herein exhibit characters from traditionally separate families. The current revision did not however have much of an effect on our understanding of the impact of the ETE on insect diversity. We consider L. batheri to be nomen dubium and we trans- ferred the other specimen identified as this species to L. withersi; this reduced the species richness of insects in the Rhaetian by one (L. batheri) but did not affect the ranges of other species or the genus. There were no taxonomic changes to L. magnifica and no further specimens were found, so there were no changes to the range of this species and so it still seems to have originated in the Hettangian following the ETE. Selenothemistidae was previously only known from the Toarcian of Germany (Handlirsch, 1939) so the confirmation of Caraphlebia in this family increases the range of the family back to the Hettangian or Sinemurian, indicating that the family originated closer to the TJB and prior to the early Toarcian mass extinction. Rossiphlebia n. gen. and Anglophlebiidae n. fam. are newly described but are only known from the Sinemurian. Their description increases the diversity of insects in the Sinemurian but does not affect the range of Liassophlebiidae or Liassophlebia across the TJB.


Acknowledgments


The lead authorwould like to acknowledge the support of his Ph.D. supervisorsM. Benton at the University of Bristol and A. Ross at the National Museum of Scotland for their advice and support throughout his Ph.D. project for which this was a side project. The


authors would also like to thank C. Mellish, the curator of inver- tebrate paleontology at NHMUK, for continued access to the col- lections in London; to E. Howlett for access to OUMNH collections and photographs; and to C. Howells for access to NMWcollections.We would also like to thank F. Marsh from the USNM for taking and sending photographs of the specimen from Antarctica. Also, thanks to the Natural Environment Research Council (NERC) for funding the lead author’s Ph.D. project from which this study was made possible (studentship number NE/ L002434/1).


Data statement.—This study did not involve any underlying


data. All specimens are available for re-study in the public institutions indicated in the text.


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