Gee et al.—New early Permian vertebrate locality 92(6):1092–1106
1103
Table 3. Comparison of vertebrate assemblages between major described Vale Formation localities, derived from original locality descriptions (Olson, 1948; Wilson, 1953; Dalquest and Mamay, 1963; Mead, 1971; Olson and Mead, 1982) and the faunal lists of Olson (1958, table 2) and Olson and Mead (1982, table 1). Taxa that occur within the Vale but that are not found at any of these localities are excluded. The sole occurrence of Cacops is predicated on the syno- nymizing of Trematopsis seltini Olson, 1956b with Cacops cf. C. aspidephorus Williston, 1910a by Milner (1985). + =present; − =absent.
Taxon
Chondricthyes Xenacanthus Beyrich, 1848
Actinopterygii Lawnia Wilson, 1953
Temnospondyli ?Tersomius Case, 1910 Cacops Williston, 1910a Eryops Cope, 1877b
Reptilia
Reptiliomorpha Diadectes Cope, 1878 Seymouria Broili, 1904
‘Microsauria’ −− Nectridea −− Diplocaulus Cope, 1877a Lysorophus Cope, 1877b
Sarcopterygii Gnathorhiza Cope, 1883
+ + +
+
+ −− −
+ Trimerorhachis Cope, 1878
Synapsida ?Ophiacodon Marsh, 1878 Dimetrodon Cope, 1878
Labidosaurikos Stovall, 1950
Captorhinikos Olson, 1954c −− − +
Araeoscelis Williston, 1910b Captorhinus Cope, 1895
− Varanops Williston, 1914 −−
− +
Table 4. Revised vertebrate faunal list of the Vale Formation derived from Olson and Mead (1982). Although we have eliminated taxa that have since been synonymized with other Vale taxa (e.g., Trematopsis seltini with Cacops cf. C. aspidephorus) and updated nomenclature for taxa synonymized with non-Vale taxa (e.g., Trematops milleri Williston, 1909a with Acheloma cum- minsi Cope, 1882), the original taxonomic assignments, including somewhat tentative referrals to particular species, e.g., ‘Xenacanthus’ platypternus (Cope, 1884), remain unchanged unless figures provide strong evidence to contradict Olson and Mead’s classification.
Chondrichthyes
Xenacanthus cf. X. platypternus Cope, 1884
Actinopterygii
Lawnia taylorensis Wilson, 1953 Sarcopterygii Gnathorhiza dikeloda Olson, 1951b Gnathorhiza serrata Cope, 1883
Hapsidopareiontidae gen. indet. sp. indet.
Peronedon primus Olson, 1970 Temnospondyli
Reptiliomorpha
Diadectes sp. indet. Seymouria baylorensis Broili, 1904
Reptilia
Lepospondyli Diplocaulus magnicornis Cope, 1882 Diplocaulus recurvatus Olson, 1952a
Lysorophus tricarinatus Cope, 1877b
Eryops megacephalus Cope, 1877b ?Tersomius sp. indet.
Cacops cf. C. aspidephorus Williston, 1910a
Trimerorhachis insignis Cope, 1878
Seymouria grandis Olson, 1979b Waggoneria knoxensis Olson, 1951b
Araeoscelis gracilis Williston, 1910b
Captorhinikos valensis Olson, 1954c
cf. Rothianiscus sp. indet. Synapsida
Labidosaurikos meachami Stovall, 1950
Casea broilii Williston, 1910b Casea nicholsi Olson, 1954a
Dimetrodon giganhomogenes Case, 1907 Edaphosauridae gen. indet. sp. indet.
?Ophiacodon sp. indet. Varanops brevirostris (Williston, 1911)
disarticulation and abrasion of the material, indicative of greater transport and sorting (Olson and Mead, 1982). Several aspects of the taxonomic assemblage merit
further exploration as well in the broader context of the vertebrate assemblage characterized from the Vale Formation
Captorhinoides valensis Olson, 1954c
Captorhinus aguti Cope, 1895
+ −− + +
?
+ +
+ +
+
+ −
+ −− −
+ −− +
+ −− +
+ −− −
−
+ −− − +
+ −− − −
+ − ? Northern Vale Sid McAdams
+ +
Blackwood
+ −
Stamford
? -
+ −− − − +
+ −− − ?
+ −
− − + −
Mud Hill
− − −
+ + + −
− − − −
+
(Tables 3, 4). ‘Microsaurs’ have awell-documented record from the early Permian of Texas, including taxa such as Pantylus Cope, 1881; the gymnarthrids Cardiocephalus Broili, 1904, Euryodus Olson, 1939, and Pariotichus Cope, 1878; and the ostodolepids Ostodolepis Williston, 1913, Pelodosotis Carroll and Gaskill, 1978, and Micraroter Daly, 1973 (BPI 3839), but all of these taxa occur in the Arroyo Formation or older units (Carroll and Gaskill, 1978). The hapsidopareiontid skull noted here thus represents the first ‘microsaur’ of the Vale Formation and possibly one of the youngest ‘microsaurs’ known to date. Early Permian localities within North America and outside of Texas that preserve ‘microsaurs’ are limited to two sites, each bearing a number of taxa. A locality near Norman, Oklahoma that is considered equivalent to the Choza Formation includes the recumbirostrans Rhynchonkos Schultze and Foreman, 1981, Aletremyti Szostakiwskyj, Pardo, and Anderson, 2015, and Dvellecanus Szostakiwskyj, Pardo, and Anderson, 2015 (Olson, 1970; Szostakiwskyj et al., 2015), and the site at South Grandfield, Oklahoma that is considered equivalent to the Arroyo Formation includes Hapsidopareion Daly, 1973, Cardiocephalus, Micraroter, and possibly Pariotichus (Daly, 1973). However, suggested biostratigraphic correlation of the latter site has often been made with the well-known Richards Spur locality, whichwas similarly proposed as being equivalent to the Arroyo Formation until it was resolved as being Sakmarian in age based on radioisotopic work (Woodhead et al., 2010); this could accordingly pull back the age of South Grandfield. Because of the poor preservation of sutural contacts, it is difficult to refine the taxonomic identity of TMM 43628-10, but it appears distinct from the clade comprising the three taxa fromthe Choza Formation equivalent on several grounds (e.g., weakly recumbent snout, higher maxillary tooth count).
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