LED Illumination for Fluorescence
light of a longer wavelength via phosphor conversion. Te X-Cite NOVEM uses patented (US #9,239,133 B2) laser phosphor conver- sion technology to generate high-power light in the 540–590 nm region. Te term LaserLED Hybrid Drive refers to the combination of laser and LED technology within the unit to generate high-power excitation light. To successfully take advantage of the LaserLED Hybrid Drive, the X-Cite systems take into account all thermal, electrical, and optical parameters to maximize light conversion and delivery of light to the sample. Te LaserLED Hybrid Drive is more efficient than other phosphor conversion techniques and was rec- ognized with a 2016 Microscopy Today Innovation Award [5]. Com- bining LED, laser, and phosphor technologies can create an effective solution to fill the Green Gap and produce an optical spectrum that meets the needs of users interested in exciting common fluorescent proteins and fluorophores. Te X-Cite NOVEM uses the LaserLED Hybrid Drive to provide superior illumination uniformity and max- imum light delivery at all wavelengths, enabling users to excite com- mon fluorophores including mCherry (formerly in the Green Gap) used in fluorescence detection and imaging applications.
Figure 7: Calcium responses to glutamate in E18 cortical neurons were con- centration-dependent. Depolarization by 60 mM KCl also elicited a comparable calcium signal.
Summary Te X-Cite NOVEM provides full spectral resolution and is available in four configurations, each covering a wide range
Figure 8: (A) Phase contrast and (B, C) ratiometric pseudo-colored images of Fura-2-loaded rat cortical pyramidal neurons. (B) Cells display low resting calcium at baseline. (C) 100 μM NMDA triggers a rapid calcium flux.
Figure 9: (A) Course of calcium responses in individual Fura-2AM-loaded E18 cortical neurons indicated by colored lines. (B) 2-minute application of NMDA rapidly produced a calcium response. Calcium responses to NMDA in E18 cortical neurons were concentration-dependent with an EC50
of 12.9 μM. 28
www.microscopy-today.com • 2022 May
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