Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 10e
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 10th edition builds English vocabulary better than ever before and leads the way to more confi dent, successful communication in English.
The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is the world’s bestselling advanced-level dictionary for learners of English.
• Over 60,000 words, 79,000 phrases, 89,000 meanings and 109,000 examples
•
1000+ NEW words and meanings (chatbot, fake news, microplastic, woke)
• Oxford 3000™ and Oxford 5000™ keywords graded by CEFR level
• OPAL™ (Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon) teaches academic keywords
•
Visual Vocabulary Builder including NEW illustrations for topic vocabulary
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•
Teaching resources including 50 NEW vocabulary worksheets and NEW and revised lesson plans available online
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 10th edition NEW
Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary 10th edition builds English vocabulary better than ever before and leads the way to more confident, successful communication in English.
Examples
The Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary is the world’s bestselling advanced level dictionary for learners of English.
Edition
OxfordAdvanced Learner’s Dictionary builds English vocabulary better than ever
before and leads the way to more confident, successful communication in English.
Build your vocabulary
• Over 60,000 words, 79,000 phrases, 89,000 meanings and 109,000 examples
• 1000+ NEW words and meanings (chatbot, fake news, microplastic, woke)
• NEW Oxford 3000 keywords – revised, updated and graded by level
• NEW Oxford 5000 keywords – take your vocabulary to the next level
• NEW OPAL (Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon) teaches academic keywords
Take your English skills to the next level
• Oxford Speaking Tutor and Oxford iSpeaker prepare you for exams and presentations
• Oxford Writing Tutor and Oxford iWriter help you plan, write and review your own writing tasks
Your complete learning package
• Get instant access to even more vocabulary and communication practice online with 1 year’s premium access at
www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com AND offline with 1 year’s access to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary app
OxfordAdvanced Learner’s Dictionary is based on the authoritative Oxford
English Corpus collection. Dictionary
Includes 1 year’s app and online access
1 ISBN 978-0-19-479848-8 9 780194 798488 2 V2 City
Includes 1 year’s app and online access
22 2 V24 Hobbies 21 30 23 20 3 4 26 29 5 9 6 13 8 10 11 12 7 14 17 34 Dolls Puzzles
CONCLUSION 6
5 palette 15 18 33
potter’s wheel
5 4 16 19 27 32 4 map 28 3 3 24 25 31
DEVELOPMENT 2
2 V3 WT8 Cambridge Assessment English: B2 First IELTS TOEIC TOEFL 10th Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
10th Edition
• Over 60,000 words, 79,000 phrases, 89,000 meanings and 109,000 examples • 1000+ NEW words and meanings (chatbot, fake news, microplastic, woke) • Oxford 3000™ and Oxford 5000™ keywords graded by CEFR level • OPAL™ (Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon) teaches academic keywords • Visual Vocabulary Builder including NEW illustrations for topic vocabulary • Oxford Speaking Tutor and iSpeaker prepare you for exams and presentations – UPDATED iSpeaker
af·fri·cate
al·mond C1 almond tree
al·readyA2 S A2
B1
▼
F ethyl
cen·ter·board, cen·tered,cen·ter-fold,cen· - ter· piece
cube
ang·strom avenge
aven·ger ▼
C1 C1 F-1 visa
en·vir·on·ment A2 O A2
F2F A2 the environment
• Oxford Writing Tutor and iWriter help you plan, write and review your written work – UPDATED iWriter
fab fable
A1 + B2 fabled ▼ beget be·get·ting, begot, begot fab·ric + B2
• Teaching resources including 50 NEW vocabulary worksheets and NEW and revised lesson plans available online
environment be·get·ter brisk brisk·er, brisk·est setting
surroundings background
brisk·ly Brit·ish
978 0 19 479 861 7 210 x 138 mm
| |
brisk·ness Br.
| | | | | | |
fabric
-FACED A2 | | | |
Paperback June 2021
PERSON B2 | | | | ˈface-off ▼ + C1 + C1 faceA1
FRONT OF HEAD A1
EXPRESSION A1 face·lift B2 ▼
fabu·lous·ly fa·cade
face to face fab·ri·ca·tion fabu·list
fabu·lous + B2 + B2
lose ˈface on the ˈface of it
your face against sb / sth to sb’s ˈface
pull / make ˈfaces / a ˈface (at sb) put your ˈface on
ˈwhat’s his / her face
in sb’s ˈface in the face of ˈsth fab·ri·cate
F
f Fs, F’s, f’s F
ˈthunder sb)
sb’s face is like ˈthunder sb has a face like ˌface to ˈface (with
ˌface to ˈface with sth
ˌface ˈup / ˈdown
have the ˈface to do sth COVER SURFACE B1 A2 ▼ F
material
eth·ane C2H6 textile
FRONT OF CLOCK
CHARACTER / ASPECT
disappear / vanish off the face of the ˈearth sb’s face doesn’t
fit SB / STH DIFFICULT B1 B1 F Ff
theBritish Brit·ish·ness
cloth IELTS TOEIC TOEFL Cambridge Assessment English: C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, Business Certificates Trinity GESE SIDE / SURFACE B2
ST3 BE OPPOSITE B1
✔ ✔
One place that is very important in my life is my grandmother’s house. She lives in a small village in the south of the country. I go there every summer, and any time when I can get away for a few days. I go there to visit my grandmother, get away from the city and relax.
✔ ✔
Te village is just a group of white houses on a hillside with a couple of shops, and it’s really
the sound of goat bells, birds and insects. it’s a
grandmother has a ▼ to me is my grandmother. She is so but so place. My
the shade of her olive trees, drinking sweet tea and chatting. It’s so peaceful.
to me, and
to talk to. Whenever I have a problem in my life, she has some good advice for me. Also, she’s a great cook and the meals she prepares are
home feeling set
face the ˈmusic ˌface sb ˈdown
I wouldn’t like to live there, though. I ˌface ˈoff
Face·book™ ˈface card
card face·cloth
ˈface cream face·less
TIP Do ˌface ˈup to sth for holidays. Don’t ,
definitely. I’m a city person. I couldn’t live in a small village where everybody knows each other and nothing happens. in a busy, exciting place. But I really love visiting the village
MAKING YOUR TALK MORE INTERESTING
. And she’s always giving me eh… during the day, so I always return —and fat!
and Correcting yourself
garden and we always sit outside in why this place is so important
Expressing preferences EXPRESS YOURSELF . Tere’s no traffic, just Explaining and giving reasons IELTS TOEIC TOEFL Cambridge Assessment English: C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, Business Certificates Trinity GESE ST2
2
ˈcourt
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Toys and games
V25
INTRODUCTION 1
WT9 1 the study of space and the planets is by nature
expensive. Scientists and politiciansmust constantly attempt to balance costswith potential research benefits. Amajor question is whether the benefits of manned space flight
are worth the costs. As he noted in 2007 in a lecture at the Space
Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, ‘Human beings don’t serve any useful function in space. Tey radiate heat, they’re very expensive to keep alive, and unlike robotic missions, they have a natural desire to come back, so that anything involving human beings is enormously expensive.’ Unmanned missions are much less expensive than manned,
having no requirement for airtight compartments, food or life support systems. Tey are also lighter and therefore require less fuel and launch equipment.
1989, when it observed Neptune, cost only $865 million. their relative
projects yield a much greater volume of data.
manned flights have yet to extend beyond the orbit of Earth’s moon, unmanned missions have explored
our entire
solar system, and have observed an Earth-like planet in a nearby solar system. Manned missions would so far, be away so long,
Structure 2 be able to travel collect so much data while at the
same time guaranteeing the astronauts’ safe return. only manned space flight possesses the
ability to inspire and engage the general population, providing much-needed momentum for continued governmental funding and educational interest in mathematics and the sciences. , media coverage of projects such as the Mars Rover,
6
knitting needle
1 flag 2 museum
3 awning 4 cafe 5 theatre
6 ramp 7 taxi rank/stand 8 parking meter 9 bollard
10 litter bin / trash can 11 pavement/sidewalk 12 kerb/curb 13 busker 14 high/main street
15 arcade 16 traffic lights 17 pedestrian crossing / crosswalk
18 railings 19 street market
20 fountain 21 cinema / movie theater 22 office block/building 23 supermarket 24 shop/store 25 square 26 statue
tank
27 signpost 28 alley 29 postbox/mailbox 30 street light 31 poster 32 road sign 33 cycle/bicycle lane 34 bus stop
mask flipper wetsuit Games Linking words and phrases dart table
pocket cushion
21 DIC_CAT_15122_20_2020_Dictionary
catalogue_TextPages.indd 21 2020/03/16 10:02
cue cue ball
Cards
the Titan moon lander, and the Hubble telescope’s photographs of extrasolar planets demonstrates that unmanned missions have the ability to attract and hold public interest. , taking into account the lower cost, the greater quantity for
of data and widespread popular support, now, at least, unmanned space missions most value in terms of public spending.
snorkel TIPS yield the Verbs Adverbs
manned Space Shuttle Endeavor cost $1.7 billion to build and required approximately $450 million for each launch. , the entire unmanned Voyager mission from 1972 until
, unmanned Structure 1 (used in the model essay) , the 1992 Patterns with It + adjective
LANGUAGE BANK Adjectives
6
SOCIAL SCIENCES CATALOGUE
Examples IELTS TOEIC TOEFL Cambridge Assessment English: C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, Business Certificates Trinity GESE ST2 af·fri·cate
al·mond C1 almond tree
al·ready A2 S A2
B1 10th
Oxford University Press is the world’s authority on the English language.
As part of the University of Oxford, we are committed to furthering English language learning worldwide.
We continuously bring together our experience, expertise and research to create resources such as this one, helping millions of learners of English to achieve their potential.
OxfordAdvanced Learner’s Dictionary builds English vocabulary better than ever
before and leads the way to more confident, successful communication in English.
Build your vocabulary
• Over 60,000 words, 79,000 phrases, 89,000 meanings and 109,000 examples
• 1000+ NEW words and meanings (chatbot, fake news, microplastic, woke)
• NEW Oxford 3000 keywords – revised, updated and graded by level
• NEW Oxford 5000 keywords – take your vocabulary to the next level
• NEW OPAL (Oxford Phrasal Academic Lexicon) teaches academic keywords
Take your English skills to the next level
• Oxford Speaking Tutor and Oxford iSpeaker prepare you for exams and presentations
• Oxford Writing Tutor and Oxford iWriter help you plan, write and review your own writing tasks
Your complete learning package
• Get instant access to even more vocabulary and communication practice online with 1 year’s premium access at
www.oxfordlearnersdictionaries.com AND offline with 1 year’s access to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s Dictionary app
OxfordAdvanced Learner’s Dictionary is based on the authoritative Oxford
English Corpus collection. Dictionary
Includes 1 year’s app and online access
3
www.oup.com/elt ISBN 978-0-19-479848-8 9 780194 798488 2 V2 V3 WT8 Oxford
Advanced Learner’s Dictionary
10th Edition Cambridge Assessment English: B2 First | IELTS | TOEIC | TOEFL Writing a discussion essay
Includes 1 year’s app and online access
Many essays that you have to write, whether during your school or college course or in an examination, will require you to present a reasoned argument on a particular issue. Tis will often be based on your research into the topic, but some questions may ask you to give your opinion. In both cases your argument must be clearly organized and supported with information, evidence and reasons. Te language tends to be formal and impersonal.
V24 2 IELTS | TOEIC | TOEFL | Cambridge Assessment English: C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, Business Certificates | Trinity GESE ST2 Talking about a topic
In some exams, you are asked to talk for a short time about a topic that you are given during the test. You may have a few minutes to prepare it and to make a few notes. You could be asked to choose something that is the most important, best, most useful, etc. of its kind, and you have to describe it and explain why you have chosen it.
cloth SIDE / SURFACE B2
material
C2H6 textile Fs, F’s, f’s F
ˈthunder sb)
sb’s face is like ˈthunder sb has a face like ˌface to ˈface (with
ˌface to ˈface with sth
ˌface ˈup / ˈdown
fab·ri·cate ˈface fab·ri·ca·tion fabu·list face to face
fabu·lous + B2 + B2
A1 + B2
fabu·lous·ly fa·cade
B2 + C1 + C1 faceA1
FRONT OF HEAD A1
EXPRESSION A1 face·lift -FACED A2 PERSON B2 ˈface-off | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
d) Print – Speaking Tutor
Cambridge Assessment English: B2 First IELTS TOEIC TOEFL V3 WT8 ▼ lose ˈface on the ˈface of it
your face against sb / sth to sb’s ˈface
pull / make ˈfaces / a ˈface (at sb) put your ˈface on
ˈwhat’s his / her face
have the ˈface to do sth in sb’s in the face of ˈsth COVER SURFACE
explaining why the place is important
▼
One reason why I like it is because it’s a beautiful place. My grandmother has a lovely garden and we always sit outside in the shade of her olive trees, drinking sweet tea and chatting. It’s so peaceful. But the main reason why this place is so important to me is my grandmother. She is so kind to me, and wonderful to talk to. Whenever I have a problem in my life, she has some good advice for me. Also, she’s a great cook and the meals she prepares are simple but so fresh and…—rich? No, no, I mean tasty. And she’s always giving me eh… What do you call them?—small plates of food during the day, so I always return home feeling calm and refreshed—and fat!
set
face the ˈmusic ˌface sb ˈdown
justifying a choice ˌface ˈoff
Face·book™ ˈface card
card face·cloth
ˈface cream face·less
ˌface ˈup to sth • use your note-making time to write ˈcourt
Ways of describing something Ways of explaining and giving your reasons Ways of correcting yourself or finding alternative ways of expressing something Ways ofexpressing your preferences
• just read out your notes to the examiner or give a prepared speech.
• stop if you can’t remember a word.
Do • use a wide range of vocabulary. • try to use the full time allowed.
• think of a different way of expressing your idea if you’ve forgotten a word.
• correct yourself if you make a mistake, and continue.
• make eye contact with the examiner.
B1
describing the appearance and sounds of the place
FRONT OF CLOCK
CHARACTER / ASPECT
disappear / vanish off the face of the ˈearth sb’s face doesn’t
fit SB / STH DIFFICULT B1 B1 F
explaining where, when and why
BE OPPOSITE B1 IELTS TOEIC TOEFL Cambridge Assessment English: C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, Business Certificates Trinity GESE
• where it is, how often and why you go there. • what it is like. • why it is so important to you.
Describe a place that you sometimes visit which is very important to you. You should say:
Speaking at CEFR level B2
✔ Can give clear, detailed descriptions on subjects related to his/her field of interest. ✔ Has a good range of vocabulary and can vary formulation to avoid frequent
One place that is very important in my life is my grandmother’s house. She lives in a small village in the south of the country. I go there every summer, and any time when I can get away for a few days. I go there to visit my grandmother, get away from the city and relax.
Te village is just a group of white houses on a hillside with a couple of shops, and it’s really peaceful. Tere’s no traffic, just the sound of goat bells, birds and insects.
B2 B2 tank
✔ Can use circumlocution and paraphrase to cover gaps in vocabulary and structure. B2 ✔ Can correct slips and errors if he/she becomes conscious of them.
B2 EXPRESS YOURSELF
Remind yourself of useful phrases by EXPRESS YOURSELF notes
prefer)
• giving reasons, justifying a choice correct)
Write brief notes to use as prompts, for
how often—summer, other holidays what like—small, peaceful, quiet, goat bells,
I wouldn’t like to live there, though. I prefer living in the city, definitely. I’m a city person. I couldn’t live in a small village where everybody knows each other and nothing happens. I’d rather live in a busy, exciting place. But I really love visiting the village for holidays.
grandmother, chating, advice, food
Don’t spend too much time trying to think
Explaining and giving reasons We went there to see the sunset. I couldn’t sleepbecause of the heat.
One reason why I like spring is the sound of birds singing.
Expressing preferences I prefer living in a city to living in the country.
I’d prefer to arrive early rather than risk being late. I’d rather take the train than drive. I like olive oilbetter than butter.
I think giving presents isbetter than receiving them.
Correcting yourself Thanks, the soup was very rich—no sorry, I mean tasty.
I think he comes from England—or rather, the UK.
She’s very thin—or perhaps I should say slim.
MAKING YOUR TALK MORE INTERESTING
To give more emphasis to a point, you can use adverbs:
I’d prefer to live in the city,definitely. I really love visiting the village. You can also turn the sentence around:
I like it because it’s simple.➔ One reason I like it is because it’s simple. I like the price.➔ What I like about it is the price.
It’s special because it was a gift.➔ The reason it’s special is that it was a gift.
I particularly liked the food.➔ One thing I particularly liked was the food.
TIP
Try to vary the vocabulary you use. For example, choose descriptive adjectives, not just ‘nice’, ‘good’ or ‘interesting’. (Look at the blue highlights in the sample answer on p. ST2.)
dart table
pocket cushion
cue cue ball
e) Print – Writing Tutor
flipper wetsuit Games mask snorkel
Linking words and phrases guide the reader through the argument and show the writer’s opinion.
ST3
knitting needle
Cards Dolls Puzzles Hobbies map Toys and games V25 INTRODUCTION
1 Sentences 1 and 2 introduce the topic.
The third sentence states the focus of the essay.
DEVELOPMENT
2 Sentence 2 introduces the first point (manned missions are not cost- effective).
This is supported by a quote from an expert to give authority.
3 Reasons and data are given to support the writer’s point of view.
4 Introduces the second point (unmanned projects are more scientifically productive).
5 Presents the counterargument.
palette
potter’s wheel
Some may argue suggests that the writer will go on to argue against this position.
However in the second sentence introduces the argument against.
CONCLUSION
6 Summarizes the writer’s points and states his/ her conclusion on the title. Thus introduces the conclusion. I would argue that clearly shows the writer’s position.
5 4 3 2 1
‘Manned space missions should now be replaced with unmanned missions.’ Discuss.
It is clear that the study of space and the• planets is by nature expensive. Scientists and politicians must consrtantly attempt to balance costs with potential research benefits.aA major question to be considered is whether the benefits of manned space flight are worth the costs.
For Nobel Prize-winning physicist Steven Weinberg the
answer is clear. As he noted in 2007 in a lecture at the Space Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, ‘Human beings don’t serve any useful function in space. Tey radiate heat, they’re very expensive to keep alive, and unlike robotic missions, they have a natural desire to come back, so that anything involving human beings is enormously expensive.’ Unmanned missions are much less expensive than manned,
Brain torm your ideas on the question, ead and research the topic (unless in n examina on). Which do you think re the stron est arguments? Decide what your viewpoint will be.
• Select 2 or 3 strong ideas on each side, with supporting examples, ideas or evidence. For some questions you can use evidence from your personal
• Decide how to organize your essay to persuade readers of your case.
• Note down some useful vocabulary on
having no requirement for airtight compartments, food or life support systems. Tey are also lighter and therefore require less fuel and launch equipment. According to NASA, the 1992 manned Space Shuttle Endeavor cost $1.7 billion to build and required approximately $450 million for each launch. In contrast, the entire unmanned Voyager mission from 1972 until 1989, when it observed Neptune, cost only $865 million. In addition to their relative cost-effectiveness, unmanned
Structure 1 (used in the model essay) your case + supporting
projects generally yield a much greater volume of data. While manned flights have yet to extend beyond the orbit of Earth’s moon, unmanned missions have explored almost our entire solar system, and have observed an Earth-like planet in a nearby solar system. Manned missions would neither be able to travel so far, be away so long, nor collect so much data while at the same time guaranteeing the astronauts’ safe return. Some may argue that only manned space flight possesses the
Showing your position
When you write a discussion essay, you can show what your opinion is on the issue or question without using personal phrases such as I think… or In my opinion,…. You can do this by choosing words carefully as you write. Some examples are given below. Look out for more in your reading.
LANGUAGE BANK
Adjectives important, major, serious, significant
e.g. Animportant point to consider is…; This was ahighly significant discovery.
Patterns with It + adjective clear, likely, possible, surprising, evident e.g. It is clear that the study of space is expensive.
important, difficult, necessary, possible, interesting
It is possible to reverse arguments for and against. Structure 2 Argument 1: + supporting evidence, examples
6
ability to inspire and engage the general population, providing much-needed momentum for continued governmental funding and educational interest in mathematics and the sciences. However, media coverage of projects such as the Mars Rover, the Titan moon lander, and the Hubble telescope’s photographs of extrasolar planets demonstrates that unmanned missions clearly have the ability to attract and hold public interest. Tus, taking into account the lower cost, the greater quantity
of data and widespread popular support, I would argue that for now, at least, unmanned space missions undoubtedly yield the most value in terms of public spending.
TIPS title or question
and make sure you really answer it. to convey the
Adverbs can be used to modify your opinion.
These phrases make the argument less personal and more objective.
Experts are quoted to support the argument.
main ideas, and then provide evidence, reasons to
and
connecting words and phrases to make the structure of your essay clear to your readers.
• For language to help you structure your argument, look at the notes at the entries for ‘addition’ and ‘first’.
Argument 2: + supporting evidence, examples
e.g. It is important to consider the practical effects of these measures.
Adverbs clearly, indeed, in fact, of course generally, usually, mainly, widely perhaps, probably, certainly, possibly rarely, sometimes, often
e.g. Clearly, this is a serious issue that deserves further study. This book isgenerally held to be her greatest novel.
Verbs
These help show how certain you are about a point or an argument.
Modal verbs: can, could; may, might; will, would (the first of each pair is most certain)
Compare: Iargue that…(very certain) / Iwould argue that…(not so certain)
It + verb: It appears that, It seems that…
It + passive verb: It can be seen that…; It should/must be noted/emphasized that…
Showing verbs: show, indicate, demonstrate, suggest, imply The results/findings show/indicate…
Arguing verbs: argue, suggest, consider, conclude I would argue/suggest that …
Linking words and phrases Firstly (= I have several points to make)
Furthermore… In addition,… Moreover,… (= I have another important point) However,… (to introduce a counterargument) Thus,… Therefore,… (to introduce a conclusion)
ang·strom avenge
aven·ger ▼
Edition
▼
F ethyl
cen·ter·board, cen·tered,cen·ter-fold,cen· - ter· piece
cube
C1 C1 F-1 visa
en·vir·on·ment A2 O A2
F2F A2 the environment fabled ▼ beget be·get·ting, begot, begot fab·ric + B2 environment be·get·ter brisk brisk·er, brisk·est setting
surroundings background
brisk·ly Brit·ish
| |
brisk·ness Br.
| | | | | | |
fabric
-FACED A2 PERSON B2 ˈface-off ▼ + C1 + C1 B2 faceA1
FRONT OF HEAD A1
EXPRESSION A1 face·lift TIP ▼
fabu·lous·ly fa·cade
fab fable
face to face fab·ri·ca·tion fabu·list
fabu·lous + B2 + B2
A1 + B2 lose ˈface on the ˈface of it
your face against sb / sth to sb’s ˈface
pull / make ˈfaces / a ˈface (at sb) put your ˈface on
ˈwhat’s his / her face
in sb’s ˈface in the face of ˈsth fab·ri·cate
F
f Fs, F’s, f’s F
ˈthunder sb)
sb’s face is like ˈthunder sb has a face like ˌface to ˈface (with
ˌface to ˈface with sth
ˌface ˈup / ˈdown
have the ˈface to do sth COVER SURFACE B1 A2 ▼ F
material
eth·ane C2H6 textile
FRONT OF CLOCK
CHARACTER / ASPECT
disappear / vanish off the face of the ˈearth sb’s face doesn’t
fit SB / STH DIFFICULT B1 B1 F Ff
theBritish Brit·ish·ness
cloth IELTS TOEIC TOEFL Cambridge Assessment English: C1 Advanced, C2 Proficiency, Business Certificates Trinity GESE SIDE / SURFACE B2
ST3 BE OPPOSITE B1
✔ ✔
One place that is very important in my life is my grandmother’s house. She lives in a small village in the south of the country. I go there every summer, and any time when I can get away for a few days. I go there to visit my grandmother, get away from the city and relax.
✔ ✔
Te village is just a group of white houses on a hillside with a couple of shops, and it’s really
the sound of goat bells, birds and insects. it’s a
grandmother has a ▼ to me is my grandmother. She is so but so place. My
the shade of her olive trees, drinking sweet tea and chatting. It’s so peaceful.
to me, and
to talk to. Whenever I have a problem in my life, she has some good advice for me. Also, she’s a great cook and the meals she prepares are
home feeling set
face the ˈmusic ˌface sb ˈdown
I wouldn’t like to live there, though. I ˌface ˈoff
Face·book™ ˈface card
card face·cloth
ˈface cream face·less
Do ˌface ˈup to sth for holidays. Don’t ,
definitely. I’m a city person. I couldn’t live in a small village where everybody knows each other and nothing happens. in a busy, exciting place. But I really love visiting the village
MAKING YOUR TALK MORE INTERESTING
. And she’s always giving me eh… during the day, so I always return —and fat!
and Correcting yourself
garden and we always sit outside in why this place is so important
Expressing preferences . Tere’s no traffic, just
EXPRESS YOURSELF Explaining and giving reasons
2
ˈcourt
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WT9
4
Hobbies map 3 3 4 5 palette
potter’s wheel
4
Toys and games
V25
INTRODUCTION 1
WT9 1 the study of space and the planets is by nature
expensive. Scientists and politicians must constantly attempt to balance costswith potential research benefits. Amajor question is whether the benefits of manned space flight
DEVELOPMENT 2
2
are worth the costs. As he noted in 2007 in a lecture at the Space
Telescope Science Institute in Baltimore, ‘Human beings don’t serve any useful function in space. Tey radiate heat, they’re very expensive to keep alive, and unlike robotic missions, they have a natural desire to come back, so that anything involving human beings is enormously expensive.’ Unmanned missions are much less expensive than manned,
having no requirement for airtight compartments, food or life support systems. Tey are also lighter and therefore require less fuel and launch equipment.
1989, when it observed Neptune, cost only $865 million. their relative
projects yield a much greater volume of data.
manned flights have yet to extend beyond the orbit of Earth’s moon, unmanned missions have explored
our entire
solar system, and have observed an Earth-like planet in a nearby solar system. Manned missions would so far, be away so long,
Structure 2 Dolls Puzzles
CONCLUSION 6
5 be able to travel collect so much data while at the
same time guaranteeing the astronauts’ safe return. only manned space flight possesses the
ability to inspire and engage the general population, providing much-needed momentum for continued governmental funding and educational interest in mathematics and the sciences. , media coverage of projects such as the Mars Rover,
6
knitting needle
Cards
the Titan moon lander, and the Hubble telescope’s photographs of extrasolar planets demonstrates that unmanned missions have the ability to attract and hold public interest. , taking into account the lower cost, the greater quantity for
of data and widespread popular support, now, at least, unmanned space missions most value in terms of public spending.
tank flipper wetsuit Games Linking words and phrases dart table
pocket cushion
cue cue ball
mask snorkel TIPS yield the Verbs Adverbs
manned Space Shuttle Endeavor cost $1.7 billion to build and required approximately $450 million for each launch. , the entire unmanned Voyager mission from 1972 until
, unmanned Structure 1 (used in the model essay) , the 1992 Patterns with It + adjective
LANGUAGE BANK Adjectives
City
Hobbies
City
Toys and games
Writing a discussion essay
Talking about a topic
Writing a discussion essay
Talking about a topic
Oxford Advanced Learner’s
Hobbies
City
Toys and games
Writing a discussion essay
Talking about a topic
Writing a discussion essay
Talking about a topic
Oxford Advanced Learner’s
City
Hobbies
City
Toys and games
Writing a discussion essay
Talking about a topic
Writing a discussion essay
Talking about a topic
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