search.noResults

search.searching

dataCollection.invalidEmail
note.createNoteMessage

search.noResults

search.searching

orderForm.title

orderForm.productCode
orderForm.description
orderForm.quantity
orderForm.itemPrice
orderForm.price
orderForm.totalPrice
orderForm.deliveryDetails.billingAddress
orderForm.deliveryDetails.deliveryAddress
orderForm.noItems
Rapid prototyping using 3D printing in bioanalytical research Editorial


sion, ease of learning, fast building time, and low print- ing costs. However, there are some drawbacks to using 3D-printed devices. Depending on the quality required, 3D printers can range in price from a few hundred dol- lars to tens of thousands of dollars for machines capable of fine detail. In addition, depending on the desired end-use of the 3D-printed part, solvent compatibil- ity of the material may need to be considered. For example, the primary 3D printer used in our work is an Objet®


printer from Stratasys® (MN, USA).


This type of printer uses two types of materials, a rigid photopolymer that makes up the structure and a soluble support material to fill any gaps during the build. We have found that even with thorough clean- ing, peaks in the mass spectrum originating from the support material show up during analysis using the 3D-printed cartridges. Whether or not the mate- rial will leech, contaminants that will interfere with analysis need to be taken into consideration any time a 3D-printed sample makes direct contact with the sample. In addition, current materials for 3D printing have shown less strength and durability, and the choice of


References


1 Gross BC, Erkal JL, Lockwood SY, Chen C, Spence DM. Evaluation of 3D printing and its potential impact on biotechnology and the chemical sciences. Anal. Chem. 86(7), 3240–3253 (2014).


2 Ventola CL. Medical applications for 3D printing: current and projected uses. PT 39(10), 704–711 (2014).


3 Ho CM, Ng SH, Li KHH, Yoon YJ. 3D printed microfluidics for biological applications. Lab. Chip 15(18), 3627–3637 (2015).


4 He Y, Wu Y, Fu J-Z et al. Developments of 3D printing microfluidics and applications in chemistry and biology: a review. Electroanalysis 28(8), 1658–1678 (2016).


5 Yazdi AA, Popma A, Wong W et al. 3D printing: an emerging tool for novel microfluidics and lab-on-a-chip applications. Microfluid Nanofluidics 20, 50 (2016).


6 Bishop GW, Satterwhite-Warden JE, Kadimisetty K, Rusling JF. 3D-printed bioanalytical devices. Nanotechnology 27(28), 284002 (2016).


7


Salentijn GIJ, Permentier HP, Verpoorte E. 3D-printed paper spray ionization cartridge with fast wetting and continuous solvent supply features. Anal. Chem. 86(23), 11657–11665 (2014).


8 Kadimisetty K, Mosa IM, Malla S et al. 3D-printed supercapacitor-powered electrochemiluminescent protein immunoarray. Biosens. Bioelectron. 77, 188–193 (2016).


9


Lee J-Y, Tan WS, An J et al. The potential to enhance membrane module design with 3D printing technology. J. Membr. Sci. 499, 480–490 (2016).


materials available to produce functional devices is limited. Optical transparency and biocompatibility of the materials also need to be considered in some bioanalytical studies. In conclusion, 3D printing has recently attracted


attention as an alternative method to fabricate ana- lytical devices. With the progress of 3D printing technology, such as more material choices, higher resolution and throughput, 3D printing has


the


potential to be utilized in more chemical and biologi- cal applications and change the perceived limitations in the experimental design for bioanalytical studies.


Financial & competing interests disclosure The authors have no relevant affiliations or financial in- volvement with any organization or entity with a financial interest in or financial conflict with the subject matter or materials discussed in the manuscript. This includes employ- ment, consultancies, honoraria, stock ownership or options, expert testimony, grants or patents received or pending, or royalties. No writing assistance was utilized in the production of


this manuscript.


10 Tycova A, Prikryl J, Foret F. Reproducible preparation of nanospray tips for capillary electrophoresis coupled to mass spectrometry using 3D printed grinding device. Electrophoresis 37(7–8), 924–930 (2016).


11 Cabot JM, Macdonald NP, Phung SC, Breadmore MC, Paull B. Fibre-based electrofluidics on low cost versatile 3D printed platforms for solute delivery, separations and diagnostics; from small molecules to intact cells. Analyst 141(23), 6422–6431 (2016).


12 Jue E, Schoepp NG, Witters D, Ismagilov RF. Evaluating 3D printing to solve the sample-to-device interface for LRS and POC diagnostics: example of an interlock meter-mix device for metering and lysing clinical urine samples. Lab. Chip 16(10), 1852–1860 (2016).


13 Gowers SA, Curto VF, Seneci CA et al. 3D printed microfluidic device with integrated biosensors for online analysis of subcutaneous human microdialysate. Anal. Chem. 87(15), 7763–7770 (2015).


14 Lockwood SY, Meisel JE, Monsma FJ Jr, Spence DM. A diffusion-based and dynamic 3D-printed device that enables parallel in vitro pharmacokinetic profiling of molecules. Anal. Chem. 88(3), 1864–1870 (2016).


15 Bills BJ, Manicke NE. On-cartridge blood fractionation for dried plasma analysis by paper spray mass spectrometry. Clin. Mass Spectrom. 27(4), 726–734 (2016).


16 Zhang C, Manicke NE. Development of a paper spray mass spectrometry cartridge with integrated solid phase extraction for bioanalysis. Anal. Chem. 87(12), 6212–6219 (2015).


future science group


www.future-science.com


11


Page 1  |  Page 2  |  Page 3  |  Page 4  |  Page 5  |  Page 6  |  Page 7  |  Page 8  |  Page 9  |  Page 10  |  Page 11  |  Page 12  |  Page 13  |  Page 14  |  Page 15  |  Page 16  |  Page 17  |  Page 18  |  Page 19  |  Page 20  |  Page 21  |  Page 22  |  Page 23  |  Page 24  |  Page 25  |  Page 26  |  Page 27  |  Page 28  |  Page 29  |  Page 30  |  Page 31  |  Page 32  |  Page 33  |  Page 34  |  Page 35  |  Page 36  |  Page 37  |  Page 38  |  Page 39  |  Page 40  |  Page 41  |  Page 42  |  Page 43  |  Page 44  |  Page 45  |  Page 46  |  Page 47  |  Page 48  |  Page 49  |  Page 50  |  Page 51  |  Page 52  |  Page 53  |  Page 54  |  Page 55  |  Page 56  |  Page 57  |  Page 58