additional testing, while a positive result is considered a passing sample. While the dipstick tests were able to correctly identify all the real urine samples that were tested, the autoanalyzer was able to show more quantitative results. Te liquid reagent is also beter suited for largescale testing, as the dipstick method was mainly developed for the initial screening process. Te dipstick was also able to correctly identify the known mix as a synthetic and was also able to show the dilute specimens as real urine as well. Tis demonstrates that both the liquid reagent and dipstick methods are more likely to correctly identify a synthetic sample than current testing guidelines. In addition, any suspected samples that
FIGURE A.1 FIGURE A.2 Sample Type
Known Synthetic Known Mix
Zero Calibrator
Known Normal Negative Known Normal Positive
FIGURE A.3 32 datia focus summer 2018
Samples Dipstick Fail Dipstick Pass 36 4 4
40 40
36 4 4 0 0
0 0 0
40 40
are detected using the dipstick undergo further confirmation testing by chemical analysis on an autoanalyzer, physical analysis, and microscopic analysis. Te chemical adulteration testing results from each sample are compared to a database containing values for commercially available synthetic urines. Te chemical testing includes pH, creatinine, specific gravity, nitrite, oxidants, chromate, and aldehydes. Te physical testing includes appearance, smell, storage stability, and foaming. Synthetic urines appear clear with a typically glowing yellow appearance, have no smell, do not precipitate upon storage, and do not foam. Microscopic analysis of the samples is also performed to further substantiate the presence of synthetic urine. All commercially available urines contain no normally found human constituents typically found by microscopic analysis to include (but not limited to) epithelial cells, casts, rbcs, wbcs, bacteria, yeast, etc.
Comments Studies have shown that the frequency of detection of synthetic urines in the population surrounding a moderately
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