Murre colonies and human activities

Alaska (USA)

I

CANADA

RUSSIAN FEDERATION

II

Thousands birds Colony size Greenland 100 to 1 000

10 to 100 1 to 10 Up to 1

SWEDEN NORWAY

Sources: AMAP Assessment Acidifying Pollutants, Arctic Haze, and Acidification in the Arctic, 2006 (Murre colony data from CAFF); Irons, D., I., et al., Fluctuations in circumpolar seabird populations linked to climate oscillations, Global Change Biology 14, 2008; BBC, CBC and Reuters Press Review.

Common Murre Thick-billed Murre

Human activities

North West Passage Northern Sea Route

Actual navigation routes

Main oil and gas extracting regions Fishing areas

UK

Oil spills due to ship accident in the last 25 years

RELEVANCE OF MULTI-LATERAL ENVIRONMENTAL AGREEMENTS 59