der Linden, X. Dai, K. Maskell and C.A. Johnson). Intergovernmental
24
Service, R. (2004). As the West goes dry. Science, 303, 1124-1127
Panel on Climate Change, Cambridge
25
Carrasco, J.F., Casassa, G. and Quimtana, J. (2005). Changes of the
16
Regonda, S.K., Rajagopalan, B., Clark, M. and Pitlick, J. (2005). Sea- O C isotherm and the equilibrium line altitude in central Chile during
sonal cycle shifts in hydroclimatology over the western United States. the last quarter of the twentieth century. Hydrol. Sci. J., 50, 933-48
J. Climate, 18, 372-384
26
Beniston, M. (2003). Climatic change in mountain regions: a review
17
Kitaev, L., Førland, E., Razuvaev, V., Tveito, O.E. and Krueger, O. of possible impacts. Climatic Change, 59, 5-31
(2005). Distribution of snow cover over Northern Eurasia. Nordic Hy-
drology, 36, 311-319
27
Marinucci, M.R., Giorgi, F., Beniston, M., Wild, M., Tschuck, P., Ohm-
ura, A. and Bernasconi, A. (1995). High-resolution simulations of January
18
Kohler, J., Brandt, O., Johansson, M. and Callaghan, T.V. (2006). A and July climate over the western alpine region with a nested regional
long record of arctic snow-depth measurements from Abisko, north- modeling system. Theoretical and Applied Climatology, 51, 119-138
ern Sweden, 1913-2002. Polar Research, 25, 91-113
28
Frei, A., Miller, J.A. and Robinson, D.A. (2003). Improved simula-
19
Ye, H.C. and Ellison, M. (2003). Changes in transitional snowfall tions of snow extent in the second phase of the Atmospheric Model
season length in northern Eurasia. Geophys. Res. Lett., 30(5), 1252, Intercomparison Project (AMIP-2). J. Geophys. Res., 108(D12), 4369,
doi:10.1029/2003GL016873 doi:10.1029/2002JD003030
20
Chapin III, F.S., Sturm, M., Serreze, M.C., McFadden, J.P., Key, J.R.,
29
ESG (2007). WCRP CMIP3 Multi-Model Dataset. Earth System Grid.
Lloyd, A.H., McGuire, A.D., Rupp, T.S., Lynch, A.H., Schimel, J.P., https://esg.llnl.gov:8443/ [Accessed February 2007]
Beringer, J., Chapman, W.L. Epstein, H.E., Euskirchen, E.S., Hinz-
man, L.D., Jia, G., Ping, C.L., Tape, K.D., Thompson, C.D.C., Walker,
30
Labba, N. (2006). Project “Snow and Ice” Field Study Workshop in
D.A. and Welker, J.M. (2005). Role of land surface changes in Arctic Abisko, Northern Sweden, April 2006. Scannet Newsletter, 10, 11-12.
summer warming. Science, 310, 657-660 http://www.scannet.nu/files/news/Newsletter10.pdf [Accessed 15
March 2007]
21
Nolin, A.W. and Daly, C. (2006). Mapping “at-risk” snow in the Pa-
cific Northwest, U. S. A. J. Hydrometeorol., 7, 1166-1173
31
McDonald, M., Arragutainaq, L. and Novalinga, Z. (1997). Voices
from the Bay: Traditional Ecological Knowledge of Inuit and Cree in the
22
Beniston, M. (1994). Mountain Environments in Changing Climates. James Bay Bioregion. Canadian Arctic Resources Committee, Ottawa
Routledge Publishing Co., London and New York and Environmental Committee, Municipality of Sanikiluaq
23
Diaz, H. F. and Bradley, R.S. (1997). Temperature variations during the
32
IISD (2001). Final Report: The Inuit Observations on Climate Change
last century at high elevation sites. Climatic Change, 36(3-4), 253–279 Project. International Institute for Sustainable Development, Winnipeg
CHAPTER 4 SNOW 59